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Samaritan Leviticus

Samaritan Penteteuch

About this book
Chapter 18

1 And Shema spoke to Moses, saying: 2 “Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them, ‘I am Shema your God. 3 You shall not do as they do in the land of Egypt, where you lived, and you shall not do as they do in the land of Canaan, to which I am bringing you. You shall not follow their statutes. 4 You shall follow my rules and keep my statutes and live by them. I am Shema your God. 5 You shall therefore keep my statutes and my rules, by which a man shall live if he does them. I am Shema. 6 None of you shall approach any close relative to uncover their nakedness. I am Shema. 7 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father or the nakedness of your mother; she is your mother, you shall not uncover her nakedness. 8 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father’s wife; it is your father’s nakedness. 9 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your sister, the daughter of your father or the daughter of your mother, whether born at home or born away from home. 10 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your son’s daughter or of your daughter’s daughter, for theirs is your own nakedness. 11 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father’s wife’s daughter, born to your father; she is your sister. 12 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father’s sister; she is your father’s relative. 13 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your mother’s sister; she is your mother’s relative. 14 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your father’s brother, and you shall not approach his wife; she is your aunt. 15 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your daughter-in-law; she is your son’s wife; you shall not uncover her nakedness. 16 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your brother’s wife; it is your brother’s nakedness. 17 You shall not uncover the nakedness of a woman and her daughter; you shall not marry her son’s daughter, or her daughter’s daughter to uncover her nakedness; they are relatives; it is wickedness. 18 And you shall not marry a wife in addition to her sister, to be a rival to her, to uncover her nakedness while she is still alive.⁠ 19 And you shall not approach a woman to uncover her nakedness while she is impure by her uncleanness. 20 And you shall not have sexual relations with your neighbor’s wife, to defile yourself with her. 21 And you shall not give any of your offspring to make them worship Molech, nor shall you profane the name of your God. I am Shema. 22 You shall not have sexual relations with a male as with a woman; it is an abomination. 23 And you shall not have sexual relations with any animal to defile yourself with it, no woman shall stand in front of an animal to have sexual relations with it; it is a perversion.

24 Do not defile yourselves in any of these things, for by all these the nations, which I drive out from your path, are defiled, 25 and the land became defiled; therefore I punished it for its wrongdoing, and the land vomited out its inhabitants. 26 Therefore you shall keep my statutes and my rules and shall not do any of these abominations, neither the native nor the foreigner who lives among you, 27 for the men who lived in the land before you have done all these abominations and the land is defiled, 28 so that the land does not vomit you out when you defile it, as it vomited out the nation that was before you. 29 For anyone who does any of these abominations, the people that do them shall be cut off from among their people. 30 Therefore you shall obey my instructions never to practice any of these abominable customs, which were practiced before you, and to never defile yourselves by them, for I am Shema your God.’”

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Compare Leviticus 18:18 and Samaritan Leviticus 18:18

Hebrew Bible · Samaritan

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Summary

In Leviticus, a man cannot marry his wife’s sister while his wife lives. Samaritan interpreters read “sister” in the Samaritan Pentateuch as any woman of the same faith, permitting a second wife only if the first cannot have children and consents.

Passages

Leviticus 18:18

Hebrew Bible
16 You must not have sexual relations with your brother’s wife; she is your brother’s nakedness. 17 You must not have sexual relations with both a woman and her daughter; you must not take as wife either her son’s daughter or her daughter’s daughter to have sexual relations with them. They are closely related to her—it is lewdness. 18 You must not take a woman in marriage and then marry her sister as a rival wife while she is still alive, to have sexual relations with her. 19 “‘You must not approach a woman in her menstrual impurity to have sexual relations with her. 20 You must not have sexual relations with the wife of your fellow citizen to become unclean with her.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Leviticus

Samaritan Leviticus 18:18

Samaritan · Samaritan Penteteuch
16 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your brother’s wife; it is your brother’s nakedness. 17 You shall not uncover the nakedness of a woman and her daughter; you shall not marry her son’s daughter, or her daughter’s daughter to uncover her nakedness; they are relatives; it is wickedness. 18 And you shall not marry a wife in addition to her sister, to be a rival to her, to uncover her nakedness while she is still alive. 19 And you shall not approach a woman to uncover her nakedness while she is impure by her uncleanness. 20 And you shall not have sexual relations with your neighbor’s wife, to defile yourself with her.
130–120 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Samaritan Leviticus

References

"... Leviticus 18:18: “Over her sister” — The Israelite Samaritan sages understood “sister” as a sister of the same faith, and not meaning only the same family. However, according to the development of the practice of this commandment, the sages permitted marrying a second woman on two conditions: 1. that the first woman is barren, 2. with the permission of the first wife ..."
Benyamim Tsedaka and Sharon Sullivan, eds., The Israelite Samaritan Version of the Torah: First English Translation Compared with the Masoretic Version, trans. Benyamim Tsedaka (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2013), 272.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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