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Samaritan Genesis

Samaritan Penteteuch

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Chapter 47

1 And Joseph went in and told Pharaoh, and said to him: “My father and my brothers, and their flocks, and their herds, and all that they have, have come out of the land of Canaan; and look, they are in the land of Goshen.” 2 And from among his brothers he took with him five men, and presented them to Pharaoh. 3 And Pharaoh said to Joseph’s brothers: “What is your occupation?” And they said to Pharaoh: “Your servants are shepherds, both we, and our fathers.” 4 And they said to Pharaoh: “We have come to stay as foreign residents in the land, for there is no pasture for your servants’ flocks, for the famine is severe in the land of Canaan. And now, please let your servants live in the land of Goshen.” 5 And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying: “Your father and your brothers have come to you. 6 The land of Egypt is before you. Settle your father and your brothers in the best of the land; let them live in the land of Goshen. And if you know of any capable men among them, then make them managers of my cattle.

7 And Joseph brought in Jacob his father, and set him before Pharaoh. And Jacob blessed Pharaoh. 8 And Pharaoh said to Jacob: “How many are the days of the years of your life?” 9 And Jacob said to Pharaoh: “The days of the years of my life as a foreign resident are one hundred and thirty years; the days of the years of my life have been few and evil, and they have not reached the days of the years of the life of my fathers in the days of their life as a foreign resident.” 10 And Jacob blessed Pharaoh, and went out from the presence of Pharaoh. 11 And Joseph settled his father and his brothers, and gave them a possession in the land of Egypt, in the best of the land, in the land of Rameses, as Pharaoh had commanded. 12 And Joseph provided for his father, and his brothers, and all his father’s household, with bread, according to their little ones. 13 And there was no bread in all the land, for the famine was very severe. And the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan wasted away because of the famine.

14 And Joseph gathered up all the money that was found in the land of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, for the grain which they bought. And Joseph brought the money into Pharaoh’s house. 15 And when the money was all spent in the land of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, all the Egyptians came to Joseph, and said: “Give us bread, for why should we die in your presence? For the money is gone.” 16 And Joseph said: “Give your cattle, and I will give you bread for your cattle, if the money is gone.” 17 And they brought their cattle to Joseph. And Joseph gave them bread in exchange for the horses, and for the flocks, and for the herds, and for the donkeys. And he supplied them with bread in exchange for all their cattle for that year. 18 And when that year ended, they came to him the second year, and said to him: “We will not hide from my lord that our money is all spent. And the herds of cattle are my lord’s. There is nothing left in the sight of my lord, but our bodies, and our lands. 19 Why should we die before your eyes, both we and our lands? Buy us and our lands for bread, and we and our lands will be servants to Pharaoh. And give us seed so that we may live and not die, and that the land may not be desolate.”

20 So Joseph bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh, for each Egyptian sold his field, because the famine was severe on them. And the land became Pharaoh’s. 21 And he enslaved the people with him as slaves⁠ from one end of the border of Egypt to its other end. 22 The only land he did not buy was the land of the priests, for the priests had an allowance from Pharaoh, and ate their allowance which Pharaoh gave them. Therefore they did not sell their land.

23 Then Joseph said to the people: “Look, I have bought you and your lands today for Pharaoh. Look, here is seed for you, and you shall sow the land. 24 And at its harvest you shall give a fifth to Pharaoh, and four parts shall be your own for seed of the field, and for your food, and for those in your households, and for food for your little ones.” 25 And they said: “You have saved our lives. Let us find favor in the sight of my lord, and we will be Pharaoh’s slaves.” 26 And Joseph made it a statute concerning the land of Egypt to this day, that Pharaoh should have the fifth. Only the land of the priests alone did not become Pharaoh’s.

27 And Israel lived in the land of Egypt, in the land of Goshen; and they gained possessions in it, and were fruitful, and multiplied greatly. 28 And Jacob lived in the land of Egypt seventeen years. So the days of Jacob, the years of his life, were one hundred and forty-seven years. 29 And when the time drew near that Israel must die, he called his son Joseph, and said to him: “If now I have found favor in your sight, please put your hand under my thigh, and please treat me kindly and truly. Please do not bury me, in Egypt, 30 but when I lie with my fathers, you shall carry me out of Egypt, and bury me in their burial place.” And he said: “I will do as you say.” 31 And he said: “Swear to me.” And he swore to him. And Israel bowed himself on the head of the bed.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Genesis 47:21 and Samaritan Genesis 47:21

Septuagint · Samaritan

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Summary

The Samaritan version of Genesis and the Greek Septuagint both say Joseph enslaved the Egyptians as servants, while the traditional Masoretic Hebrew text says he only moved them into the cities. This is based on two Hebrew letters that look similar.

Passages

LXX Genesis 47:21

Septuagint
20 And Joseph bought all the land of the Egyptians, for Pharaoh; for the Egyptians sold their land to Pharaoh; for the famine prevailed against them, and the land became Pharaoh's. 21 And he brought the people into bondage to him, for servants, from one extremity of Egypt to the other, 22 except only the land of the priests; Joseph did not buy this, for Pharaoh gave a portion in the way of gift to the priests; and they ate their portion which Pharaoh gave them; therefore they did not sell their land.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Genesis

Samaritan Genesis 47:21

Samaritan · Samaritan Penteteuch
20 So Joseph bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh, for each Egyptian sold his field, because the famine was severe on them. And the land became Pharaoh’s. 21 And he enslaved the people with him as slaves from one end of the border of Egypt to its other end. 22 The only land he did not buy was the land of the priests, for the priests had an allowance from Pharaoh, and ate their allowance which Pharaoh gave them. Therefore they did not sell their land.
130–120 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Samaritan Genesis

References

... Examples of interchanged letters in common nouns follow: Graphic similarity ד/ר ... Genesis 47:21 the Masoretic Text (and as for the people), he transferred (them) to the cities. the Septuagint κατεδουλώσατο . . . εἰς παῖδας he enslaved (them) . . . as servants (= the Samaritan Pentateuch). Note that the two retroverted variants are interrelated and must be evaluated together. ...
Emanuel Tov, The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint in Biblical Research, 3rd ed. (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2015), 148.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Genesis 47:21 and Samaritan Genesis 47:21

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