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Samaritan Genesis

Samaritan Penteteuch

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Chapter 4

1 And the man had relations with Eve his wife, and she conceived and bore Cain, and said: “I have gotten a man from Shema.” 2 And again, she bore his brother Abel. Now Abel was a shepherd, and Cain was a cultivator of the ground. 3 Now in the course of time Cain brought an offering from the fruit of the ground to Shema, 4 and Abel too brought some of the firstborn of his flock and some of the fattest of them. And Shema had regard for Abel and for his offering, 5 but he had no regard for Cain or his offering. And Cain was very angry, and his face fell. 6 And Shema said to Cain: “Why are you angry, and why has your face fallen? 7 Look, if you do well, you will be forgiven, and if you do not do well, crouch at the door of sin! And its return is to you, but you can rule over it.” 8 And Cain said to Abel his brother: “Let us go out to the field.” And when they were in the field, Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him.⁠

9 And Shema said to Cain: “Where is Abel your brother?” And he said: “I do not know. Am I my brother’s keeper?” 10 And he said: “What have you done? The voice of your brother’s blood is crying to me from the ground. 11 And now you are cursed more than the ground, which has opened its mouth to receive your brother’s blood from your hand. 12 When you cultivate the ground, it shall no longer yield its strength to you. You shall be a fugitive and a wanderer on the earth.” 13 And Cain said to Shema: “My punishment is too great to bear. 14 Look, you have driven me out today from the surface of the ground, and I shall be hidden from your face, and I shall be a fugitive and a wanderer on the earth, and whoever finds me will kill me.” 15 And Shema said to him: “Therefore whoever kills Cain, vengeance shall be taken on him seven times over.” And Shema set a sign on Cain, so that no one who finds him would kill him. 16 And Cain went away from the presence of Shema, and lived in the land, wandering east of Eden.

17 And Cain had relations with his wife, and she conceived, and bore Enoch. And he built a city, and named the city after his son Enoch. 18 And Irad was born to Enoch, and Irad fathered Miyyaʾel, and Miyyaʾel fathered Methushael, and Methushael fathered Lamech. 19 And Lamech took two wives. The name of the one was Adah, and the name of the other Zillah. 20 And Adah bore Jabal. He was the father of those who live in tents and [have] cattle. 21 And his brother’s name was Jubal. He was the father of all those who play the lyre and pipe. 22 And Zillah also bore Tubal-Cain, the forger of all instruments of bronze and iron. And the sister of Tubal-Cain was Naamah. 23 And Lamech said to his wives: “Adah and Zillah, hear my voice; you wives of Lamech, listen to my speech. I have killed a man for my wound, and a young man for my bruising. 24 If Cain is avenged seven times over, then Lamech is avenged seventy-seven times over.”

25 And Adam had relations with his wife again, and she bore a son, and he named him Seth, for [he said]: “God has appointed for me another offspring instead of Abel, for Cain killed him.” 26 And Seth also fathered a son, and he named him Enosh. At that time he began to invoke the name of Shema.

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Compare Genesis 4:8 and Samaritan Genesis 4:8

Hebrew Bible · Samaritan

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Summary

Genesis 4 says that Cain spoke to Abel before killing him, but doesn't include what Cain said. The Samaritan Pentateuch, along with other versions, fills this narrative gap by describing Cain's invitation to go into the field.

Passages

Genesis 4:8

Hebrew Bible
6 Then the Lord said to Cain, “Why are you angry, and why is your expression downcast? 7 Is it not true that if you do what is right, you will be fine? But if you do not do what is right, sin is crouching at the door. It desires to dominate you, but you must subdue it.” 8 Cain spoke to his brother Abel.21 While they were in the field, Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him. 9 Then the Lord said to Cain, “Where is your brother Abel?” And he replied, “I don’t know! Am I my brother’s guardian?” 10 But the Lord said, “What have you done? The voice of your brother’s blood is crying out to me from the ground!
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Samaritan Genesis 4:8

Samaritan · Samaritan Penteteuch
6 And Shema said to Cain: “Why are you angry, and why has your face fallen? 7 Look, if you do well, you will be forgiven, and if you do not do well, crouch at the door of sin! And its return is to you, but you can rule over it.” 8 And Cain said to Abel his brother: “Let us go out to the field.” And when they were in the field, Cain attacked his brother Abel and killed him. 9 And Shema said to Cain: “Where is Abel your brother?” And he said: “I do not know. Am I my brother’s keeper?” 10 And he said: “What have you done? The voice of your brother’s blood is crying to me from the ground.
130–120 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Samaritan Genesis

References

"... Within the interval of silence between God and Cain, the narrative unfolds in a moment of conversation between Cain and his brother, which culminated in the murder of Abel. Several ancient versions (such as the Septuagint [LXX], Vulgate [Vg.], Syriac, Samaritan Pentateuch) provide the textual gap in the Masoretic Text’s rendering of Genesis 4:8, ‘And Cain said to his brother Abel …’ Modern versions such as New Jerusalem Bible (NJB), New International Version (NIV), and New Revised Standard Version (NRSV), insert ‘Let us go out to the field’ to verse 8 ..."
B.O. Boloje, “Rethinking Violence Through the Narrative of Genesis 4:1-16,” IDS 55.1 (2021): 1–8.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 4:8 and Samaritan Genesis 4:8

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