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Samaritan Genesis

Samaritan Penteteuch

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Chapter 33

1 And Jacob looked up, and looked, and look, Esau was coming, and with him four hundred men. So he divided the children among Leah, and Rachel, and the two female servants. 2 And he put the female servants and their children in front, and Leah and her children behind, and Rachel and Joseph last. 3 And he himself went ahead of them, and bowed himself to the ground seven times, until he came near to his brother. 4 And Esau ran to meet him and embraced him, and fell on his neck, and kissed him, and they wept. 5 And he looked up, and saw the women and the children, and said: “Who are these with you?” And he said: “The children whom God has graciously given your servant.” 6 Then the female servants came near, they and their children, and bowed down. 7 And Leah also and her children came near and bowed down. And afterward Joseph and Rachel came near, and they bowed down. 8 And he said: “What do you mean by all this company which I met?” And he said: “To find favor in the sight of my lord.” 9 And Esau said: “I have enough, my brother, and let what you have be yours.” 10 And Jacob said: “No, please, if now I have found favor in your sight, then receive my present from my hand, since seeing your face has been like seeing the face of God, and you were pleased with me. 11 Please take my gift that I brought to you, because God has dealt graciously with me, and because I have enough.” And he urged him, and he took it.

12 And he said: “Let us take our journey, and let us go, and I will go before you.” 13 And he said to him: “My lord knows that the children are young, and that the flocks and herds with me have their young, and if I drive them too hard one day, all the flocks will die. 14 Please let my lord go ahead of his servant, and I will lead on slowly, according to the pace of the walking [cattle] that is before me, and according to the pace of the children, until I come to my lord to Seir.” 15 And Esau said: “Let me now leave with you some of the people that are with me.” And he said: “What need is there? let me find favor in the sight of my lord.” 16 So Esau returned that day on his way to Seir. 17 And Jacob journeyed to Sukkoth, and built himself a house, and made booths for his cattle. Therefore the name of the place is called Sukkoth.

18 And Jacob came in peace to the city of Shechem, which is in the land of Canaan,⁠ when he came from Paddan Aram, and camped in front of the city. 19 And he bought the plot of ground, where he had pitched his tent, from the children of Hamor, Shechem’s father, for one hundred pieces of money. 20 And he built an altar there, and called it Eleluwwi-Israel.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Genesis 33:18 and Samaritan Genesis 33:18

Septuagint · Samaritan

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Summary

In the Greek Septuagint translation of Genesis, Jacob arrives at Salem near Shechem. In the Samaritan Pentateuch, scribes describe his arrival as peaceful to avoid a link with Jerusalem, the rival to Mount Gerizim as the proper place of worship.

Passages

LXX Genesis 33:18

Septuagint
16 And Esau returned on that day on his journey to Seir. 17 And Jacob departs to his tents; and he made for himself there habitations, and for his cattle he made booths; therefore he called the name of that place, Booths. 18 And Jacob came to Salem, a city of Shechem, which is in the land of Canaan, when he departed out of Mesopotamia of Syria, and took up a position in front of the city. 19 And he bought the portion of the field, where he pitched his tent, of Hamor the father of Shechem, for one hundred lambs. 20 And he set up there an altar, and called on the God of Israel.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Genesis

Samaritan Genesis 33:18

Samaritan · Samaritan Penteteuch
16 So Esau returned that day on his way to Seir. 17 And Jacob journeyed to Sukkoth, and built himself a house, and made booths for his cattle. Therefore the name of the place is called Sukkoth. 18 And Jacob came in peace to the city of Shechem, which is in the land of Canaan, when he came from Paddan Aram, and camped in front of the city. 19 And he bought the plot of ground, where he had pitched his tent, from the children of Hamor, Shechem’s father, for one hundred pieces of money. 20 And he built an altar there, and called it Eleluwwi-Israel.
130–120 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Samaritan Genesis

References

“... Just as SP goes out of its way to stress the importance of Mount Gerizim, it also removes any hint of Jerusalem. In Gen. 33.18 ‘and Yāqob came in peace (שלום) to the city of Ashkem’, the spelling of ‘in peace’ is altered in such a way as to dispel any possible hint of Jerusalem (שלם; cf. Gen. 14.18: ‘Malki-ṣedeq king of Salem’). ...”
Moshe Florentin and Abraham Tal, The Samaritan Pentateuch: An English Translation with a Parallel Annotated Hebrew Text (Cambridge: Open Book, 2024), 26.

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