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Samaritan Genesis

Samaritan Penteteuch

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Chapter 2

1 And the heavens and the earth were finished, and everything in them. 2 And on the sixth day God finished the work that he had done, and he rested on the seventh day from all his work that he had done.⁠ 3 And God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all his work that God had done in creation.

4 These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, when Shema God made heaven and earth. 5 And no bush of the field was yet on the earth, and no plant of the field had yet sprung up, for Shema God had not caused it to rain on the earth, and there was not a man to cultivate the ground, 6 but a mist rose from the earth and watered the entire surface of the ground. 7 Then Shema God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and Adam became a living soul.

8 And Shema God planted a garden in Eden, in the east, and there he put the man whom he had formed. 9 And Shema God made every tree grow out of the ground that is pleasant to the sight and good for food. And also the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil were in the middle of the garden. 10 And a river went out of Eden to water the garden, and there it divided into four branches. 11 The name of the first is Pishon. It is the one which flows around the whole land of Havilah, where the gold is, 12 and the gold of that land is very good; the bdellium and the onyx stone are there. 13 And the name of the second river is Gihon. It is the one which flows around the whole land of Cush. 14 And the name of the third river is Tigris. It is the one which flows east of Ashur. And the fourth river is Euphrates.

15 And Shema God took the man and put him into the garden of Eden to cultivate it and to care for it. 16 And Shema God commanded the man, saying: “You may freely eat from every tree in the garden, 17 but you shall not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, for on the day that you eat from it you shall surely die.”

18 And Shema God said: “It is not good that the man should be alone. I will make a helper fit for him.” 19 And Shema God again formed from the ground every animal of the field, and every bird of the heavens, and brought them to the man to see what he would call them, and whatever the man would call every living creature, that was to be its name. 20 And the man gave names to all the cattle, and to the birds of the heavens, and to every animal of the field. But no helper fit for Adam was found.

21 And Shema God made the man fall into a deep sleep, and he slept, and he took one of his ribs and closed up the flesh in its place. 22 And Shema God made a woman from the rib that he had taken from the man, and brought her to the man. 23 And the man said: “This is now bone of my bones and flesh of my flesh. She shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of her man.” 24 Therefore a man shall leave his father and his mother and shall cling to his wife, and both of them shall become one flesh. 25 And they were both naked, Adam and his wife, and were not ashamed.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Genesis 2:2 and Samaritan Genesis 2:2

Septuagint · Samaritan

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Summary

The Samaritan Pentateuch and Greek Septuagint changed Genesis to say God finished his work on the sixth day, unlike the Masoretic text, which says the seventh day. The change avoids the possibility of saying that God did any work on the Sabbath.

Passages

LXX Genesis 2:2

Septuagint
1 And the heavens and the earth were finished, and the whole world of them. 2 And God finished on the sixth day his works which he made, and he ceased on the seventh day from all his works which he made. 3 And God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, because in it he ceased from all his works which God began to do. 4 This is the book of the generation of heaven and earth, when they were made, in the day in which God made the heaven and the earth,
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Genesis

Samaritan Genesis 2:2

Samaritan · Samaritan Penteteuch
1 And the heavens and the earth were finished, and everything in them. 2 And on the sixth day God finished the work that he had done, and he rested on the seventh day from all his work that he had done. 3 And God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all his work that God had done in creation. 4 These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created, when Shema God made heaven and earth.
130–120 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Samaritan Genesis

References

"... The LXX agrees with the Samaritan Pentateuch (הששי) and S in reading “sixth” for “seventh” of the Masoretic text. This reading probably derived from contextual theological harmonization because it was found difficult to explain how God could finish his work “on the seventh day” without having worked on that day. It is impossible to determine whether the easier reading of the LXX was based on an actual variant הששי or whether the exegetical tendency developed independently in all three sources ..."
Emanuel Tov, The Text-Critical Use of the Septuagint in Biblical Research, 3rd ed. (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2015), 88.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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