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Samaritan Genesis

Samaritan Penteteuch

About this book
Chapter 1

1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 And the earth was desolate and empty, and darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the spirit of God hovered over the surface of the waters. 3 And God said: “Let there be light,” and there was light. 4 And God saw that the light was good, and God separated the light from the darkness. 5 And God called the light Day, and he called the darkness Night. And there was evening and there was morning, one day.

6 And God said: “Let there be a firmament in the middle of the waters, and let it separate the waters from the waters.” 7 And God made the firmament and separated the waters that were under the firmament from the waters that were above the firmament. And it was so. 8 And God called the firmament Heaven. And there was evening and there was morning, a second day.

9 And God said: “Let the waters under the heavens be gathered into one place, and let the dry land appear.” And it was so. 10 And God called the dry land Earth, and he called the gathered waters Seas. And God saw that it was good. 11 And God said: “Let the earth produce vegetation, plants that produce seed, and fruit trees bearing fruit with their seed inside, each according to its kind, on the earth.” And it was so. 12 And the earth produced vegetation, plants that produce seed according to their kind, and trees bearing fruit with their seed inside, each according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day.

14 And God said: “Let there be lights in the firmament of the heavens to give light to the earth and to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs and mark seasons and days and years, 15 and let them serve as lights in the firmament of the heavens to give light to the earth.” And it was so. 16 And God made the two great lights, the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night, and the stars. 17 And God set them in the firmament of the heavens to give light to the earth, 18 and to rule over the day and over the night, and to separate the light from the darkness. And God saw that it was good. 19 And there was evening and there was morning, a fourth day.

20 And God said: “Let the waters swarm with swarms of living creatures and let birds fly above the earth across the firmament of the heavens.” 21 And God created the great sea monsters and every living creature that moves, with which the waters swarmed, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 22 And God blessed them, saying: “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth.” 23 And there was evening and there was morning, a fifth day.

24 And God said: “Let the earth produce living creatures according to their kind, cattle and crawling creatures and the animals of the earth according to their kind.” And it was so. 25 And God made the animals of the earth according to their kind and the cattle according to their kind, and every crawling creature on the ground according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 26 And God said: “Let us make man in our image, and according to our likeness,⁠ and let them rule over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the heavens, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every crawling creature that crawls on the earth.” 27 And God created man in his image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them. 28 And God blessed them, and God said to them: “Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth and subdue it, and rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over every living thing that crawls on the earth.” 29 And God said: “Look, I have given you every plant seeded with seed, which is on the surface of all the earth, and every tree that has fruit seeded with seed; you shall have them for food. 30 And to every animal of the earth, and to every bird of the heavens, and to every crawling creature on the earth, that has a living soul, [I have given] every green plant for food.” And it was so. 31 And God saw everything that he had made, and look, it was very good. And there was evening and there was morning, the sixth day.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 1:26 and Samaritan Genesis 1:26

Hebrew Bible · Samaritan

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Summary

In Genesis, God makes humanity in his own image and resemblance. The Samaritan Pentateuch adds one small word, an extra “and,” which makes the image and the resemblance sound like two separate qualities, not one idea said twice.

Passages

Genesis 1:26

Hebrew Bible
25 God made the wild animals according to their kinds, the cattle according to their kinds, and all the creatures that creep along the ground according to their kinds. God saw that it was good. 26 Then God said, “Let us make humankind in our image, after our likeness, so they may rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move on the earth.” 27 God created humankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them, male and female he created them.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Samaritan Genesis 1:26

Samaritan · Samaritan Penteteuch
25 And God made the animals of the earth according to their kind and the cattle according to their kind, and every crawling creature on the ground according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 26 And God said: “Let us make man in our image, and according to our likeness, and let them rule over the fish of the sea, and over the birds of the heavens, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every crawling creature that crawls on the earth.” 27 And God created man in his image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them.
130–120 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Samaritan Genesis

References

"... The anthropomorphic idea that one may get from Genesis 1:26–27, that man was created in the material image of God (בצלם אלהים), is rejected in a kind of parenthesis. It is stated clearly that the human being resembles God in his inner substance (צורת הלבב), not in his outer appearance (צורת התאר). The effort to avoid anthropomorphic representations of God is reflected in the Samaritan Arabic version of the Pentateuch (approximately 11th century) which renders אלהים as אלמלאיכה, “the angels”, in Genesis 1. While old manuscripts of the Samaritan text are rarely concerned with the “humanization” of God, younger manuscripts tend to eliminate anthropomorphisms (Genesis 5:1; 9:6; etc.). At this particular spot in the Arabic column follows this trend: אלמלאיכה. This led Macdonald to opt for the translation “the Angels”, although no evidence in the neo-Samaritan Hebrew column exists. Note the unusual use of the negative particle אין, which substitutes the negative adverb לא. One possible explanation of this anomaly is the influence of the AC negation of existence ליס ..."
Abraham Tal, Tibåt Mårqe: The Ark of Marqe: Edition, Translation, Commentary (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2019), 148.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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    Lee, May 16, 2026

Genesis 1:26 and Samaritan Genesis 1:26

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