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Samaritan Exodus

Samaritan Penteteuch

About this book
Chapter 15

1 Then Moses and the children of Israel sang this song to Shema, and spoke, saying: “Praise Shema, for he has thrown into the sea a powerful nation, its horse and its rider. 2 [Shema] is my strength and glory, and he has become my salvation. This is my God, and I will praise him, my father’s God, and I will honor him. 3 Shema is mighty in war, Shema is his name.⁠ 4 He threw Pharaoh’s chariot and his armies into the sea, and his chosen captains drowned in the sea of Sof. 5 The deep waters cover them, they went down into the depths like a stone. 6 Your right hand, Shema, is glorious in power, Your right hand, Shema, shatters the enemy. 7 And in your great majesty you overthrow your enemies, you send out your anger, it consumes them like stubble. 8 And with the blast of your anger the waters were piled up, the descending [waters] stood upright as a heap, the deep waters became solid in the heart of the sea. 9 The enemy said, ‘I will pursue, I will overtake, I will divide the plunder, my desire shall be satisfied by it, I will draw my sword, my hand shall inherit it.’ 10 You blew with your wind, the sea covered them, they sank like lead in the mighty waters. 11 Who is like you, among the gods, Shema? Who is like you, glorious in holiness, awesome in praises, doing wonders? 12 You stretched out your right hand, the earth swallowed them. 13 In your faithful love you have led the people that you have redeemed, you have assigned them in your strength to your holy home. 14 The peoples have heard, and they tremble, anguish has seized the inhabitants of Philistia. 15 Then the chiefs of Edom were terrified, the mighty men of Moab, trembling seizes them, all the inhabitants of Canaan melt away. 16 Terror and dread fall on them, and by the greatness of your arm they are as still as a stone, until your people pass over, Shema, until the people that you have purchased pass over. 17 You will bring them in, and plant them in the mountain of your inheritance, a place for you to live in. Shema, you have made a sanctuary, Lord, establish it with your hand. 18 Shema shall rule forever and ever. 19 For the horses of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and Shema brought back the waters of the sea on them. But the children of Israel walked on dry ground in the middle of the sea.” 20 And Miriam the female prophet, the sister of Aaron, took a tambourine in her hand, and all the women went out after her with tambourines and with dances. 21 And Miriam answered them: “Praise Shema, for he has thrown a powerful nation, its horse and its rider into the sea.”

22 And Moses led Israel onward from the sea of Sof, and he took him out into the wilderness of Shur, and they traveled for three days in the wilderness, and found no water. 23 And when they came to Marah, they could not drink of the waters of Marah, for they were bitter; therefore it was named Marah. 24 And the people complained against Moses, saying: “What shall we drink?” 25 And Moses cried to Shema. And Shema showed him a tree, and he threw [it] into the waters, and the waters were made sweet. There he gave them a statute and a rule, and there he tested them. 26 And he said: “If you will diligently listen to the voice of Shema your God, and will do what is right in his eyes, and will listen to his commandments, and keep all his statutes, I will put none of the diseases on you, which I have put on the Egyptians, for I am Shema your healer.

27 And they came to Elim, and there were twelve springs of water in Elim, and seventy palm trees, and they camped there by the waters.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 15:3 and Samaritan Exodus 15:3

Hebrew Bible · Samaritan

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Summary

Exodus 15 calls God a “man of war,” describing God like a human. The Samaritan Pentateuch changes this to “mighty in war,” reflecting a deliberate choice to avoid describing God like a human or depicting him having a body.

Passages

Exodus 15:3

Hebrew Bible
1 Then Moses and the Israelites sang this song to the Lord. They said, “I will sing to the Lord, for he has triumphed gloriously, the horse and its rider he has thrown into the sea. 2 The Lord is my strength and my song, and he has become my salvation. This is my God, and I will praise him, my father’s God, and I will exalt him. 3 The Lord is a man of war10— the Lord is his name. 4 The chariots of Pharaoh and his army he has thrown into the sea, and his chosen officers were drowned in the Red Sea. 5 The depths have covered them; they went down to the bottom like a stone.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Samaritan Exodus 15:3

Samaritan · Samaritan Penteteuch
1 Then Moses and the children of Israel sang this song to Shema, and spoke, saying: “Praise Shema, for he has thrown into the sea a powerful nation, its horse and its rider. 2 [Shema] is my strength and glory, and he has become my salvation. This is my God, and I will praise him, my father’s God, and I will honor him. 3 Shema is mighty in war, Shema is his name. 4 He threw Pharaoh’s chariot and his armies into the sea, and his chosen captains drowned in the sea of Sof. 5 The deep waters cover them, they went down into the depths like a stone.
130–120 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Samaritan Exodus

References

"... Exodus 15:3 “Hero in war” — The Israelite Samaritans insist in their pronunciation on distinguishing between verbs regarding the Almighty and regarding humans, and deny personification of the Almighty. Notice, for example, in the Song of the Sea (Exodus 15:3). “Shehmaa is a hero in war” — whereas in the Masoretic text it is written: “Adonai a man in war.” They also change the pronunciation of the verbs as we saw above ..."
Benyamim Tsedaka and Sharon Sullivan, eds., The Israelite Samaritan Version of the Torah: First English Translation Compared with the Masoretic Version, trans. Benyamim Tsedaka (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2013), 160.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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