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Samaritan Deuteronomy

Samaritan Penteteuch

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Chapter 27

1 And Moses and the elders of Israel commanded the people, saying: “Keep all the commandment which I command you today. 2 And on the day you cross the Jordan to the land which Shema your God gives you, you shall set up for yourselves large stones, and plaster them with plaster. 3 And you shall write on them all the words of this law, when you cross, so that you may go in to the land which Shema your God gives you, a land flowing with milk and honey, as Shema, the God of your fathers, has promised you. 4 And when you have crossed the Jordan, you shall set up these stones, which I command you today, on [Mount] Ārgarizem,⁠ and you shall plaster them with plaster. 5 And there you shall build an altar to Shema your God, an altar of stones; you shall use no iron [tool] on them. 6 You shall build the altar to Shema your God of uncut stones, and you shall offer burned offerings on it to Shema your God. 7 And you shall sacrifice peace offerings, and shall eat there, and you shall celebrate in the presence of Shema your God. 8 And you shall write on the stones all the words of this law very plainly.”

9 And Moses and the Levitical priests spoke to all Israel, saying: “Pay attention and listen, Israel: Today you have become a holy people to Shema your God. 10 You shall therefore obey the voice of Shema your God, and keep his commandments and his decrees, which I command you today.” 11 And Moses instructed the people the same day, saying: 12 “These shall stand to bless the people on [Mount] Ārgarizem, when you cross the Jordan: Simeon, and Levi, and Judah, and Issachar, Joseph, and Benjamin. 13 And these shall stand for the curse on Mount Ebal: Reuben, Gad, and Asher, Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali. 14 And the Levites shall answer, and say to all the men of Israel with a loud voice, 15 ‘The man who makes a carved or cast-metal image, detestable things to Shema, the work of the hands of the craftsman, and sets it up in secret is cursed.’ And all the people shall answer and say, ‘Amen.’ 16 ‘Anyone who degrades his father or his mother is cursed.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 17 ‘Anyone who moves his neighbor’s boundary marker is cursed.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 18 ‘Anyone who misleads a blind man on the road is cursed.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 19 ‘Anyone who perverts the justice [due] to the orphan, the foreign resident, and the widow is cursed.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 20 ‘Anyone who has sex with his father’s wife, because he has uncovered his father’s skirt, is cursed.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 21 ‘Anyone who has sex with any animal is cursed.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 22 ‘Anyone who has sex with his sister, the daughter of his father or the daughter of his mother, is cursed.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 23 ‘Anyone who has sex with his mother-in-law is cursed.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 24 ‘Anyone who strikes down his neighbor in secret is cursed.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 25 ‘Anyone who takes a bribe to kill an innocent person is cursed.’ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’ 26 ‘Anyone who does not confirm all the words of this law to do them is cursed.’⁠ And all the people shall say, ‘Amen.’

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 27:4 and Samaritan Deuteronomy 27:4

Hebrew Bible · Samaritan

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Summary

Deuteronomy 27 instructs the people to erect stones and build an altar on Mount Ebal. The Samaritan Pentateuch replaces “Ebal” with “Gerizim,” harmonizing the command with the Samaritans' distinct temple location.

Passages

Deuteronomy 27:4

Hebrew Bible
2 When you cross the Jordan River to the land the Lord your God is giving you, you must erect great stones and cover them with plaster. 3 Then you must inscribe on them all the words of this law when you cross over, so that you may enter the land the Lord your God is giving you, a land flowing with milk and honey just as the Lord, the God of your ancestors, said to you. 4 So when you cross the Jordan you must erect on Mount Ebal these stones about which I am commanding you today, and you must cover them with plaster. 5 Then you must build an altar there to the Lord your God, an altar of stones—do not use an iron tool on them. 6 You must build the altar of the Lord your God with whole stones and offer burnt offerings on it to the Lord your God.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Samaritan Deuteronomy 27:4

Samaritan · Samaritan Penteteuch
2 And on the day you cross the Jordan to the land which Shema your God gives you, you shall set up for yourselves large stones, and plaster them with plaster. 3 And you shall write on them all the words of this law, when you cross, so that you may go in to the land which Shema your God gives you, a land flowing with milk and honey, as Shema, the God of your fathers, has promised you. 4 And when you have crossed the Jordan, you shall set up these stones, which I command you today, on [Mount] Ārgarizem, and you shall plaster them with plaster. 5 And there you shall build an altar to Shema your God, an altar of stones; you shall use no iron [tool] on them. 6 You shall build the altar to Shema your God of uncut stones, and you shall offer burned offerings on it to Shema your God.
130–120 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Samaritan Deuteronomy

References

"... Magnar Kartveit ('The Origin of the Samaritans') is of the opinion that the cult site on Gerizim provides the distinguishing mark for the origin of the Samaritan community: “The moment of birth of the Samaritans was the construction of the temple on Mount Gerizim.” He goes on to say, “A Samaritan identity must have developed long enough before the early second century B.C.E. to have spread into the diaspora.” Therefore, “we may confidently assume that the temple was erected in the Persian age”. The manner by which Kartveit identifies the beginning of the Samaritan community with the construction of a cult site on Gerizim only may not be sufficient. While it is certainly true that Samaritans worshiped at Gerizim, particularly in and following the Hellenistic age, all who worshiped at Gerizim may not have been Samaritan, particularly earlier than the Hellenistic age. If, as now appears probable, Deuteronomy 27:4 originally read “Gerizim” instead of “Ebal” in the pre-Samaritan texts, Gerizim is likely to have been visited by more than the Samaritan religious faithful ..."
Robert T. Anderson and Terry Giles, The Samaritan Pentateuch: An Introduction to Its Origin, History, and Significance for Biblical Studies (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2012), 16.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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