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Ruth

About this book
Chapter 3

1 At that time, Naomi, her mother-in-law, said to her, “My daughter, I must find a home for you so you will be secure. 2 Now Boaz, with whose female servants you worked, is our close relative. Look, tonight he is winnowing barley at the threshing floor. 3 So bathe yourself, rub on some perfumed oil, and get dressed up. Then go down to the threshing floor. But don’t let the man know you’re there until he finishes his meal. 4 When he gets ready to go to sleep, take careful notice of the place where he lies down. Then go, uncover his legs, and lie down beside him. He will tell you what you should do.” 5 Ruth replied to Naomi, “I will do everything you have told me to do.” 6 So she went down to the threshing floor and did everything her mother-in-law had instructed her to do. 7 When Boaz had finished his meal and was feeling satisfied,⁠ he lay down to sleep at the far end of the grain heap. Then Ruth crept up quietly, uncovered his legs, and lay down beside him.⁠ 8 In the middle of the night he was startled and turned over. Now he saw a woman lying beside him! 9 He said, “Who are you?” She replied, “I am Ruth, your servant. Spread your cloak over your servant,32⁠ for you are a guardian of the family interests.” 10 He said, “May you be rewarded by the Lord, my dear! This act of devotion is greater than what you did before. For you have not sought to marry one of the young men, whether rich or poor. 11 Now, my dear, don’t worry! I intend to do for you everything you propose, for everyone at the town gate42 knows that you are a woman of noble character.43⁠ 12 Now yes, it is true that I am a guardian, but there is another guardian who is a closer relative than I am. 13 Remain here tonight. Then in the morning, if he agrees to marry you, fine, let him do so. But if he does not want to do so, I promise, as surely as the Lord lives, to marry you. Sleep here until morning.” 14 So she slept beside him until morning. She woke up while it was still dark. Boaz thought, “No one must know that a woman visited the threshing floor.” 15 Then he said, “Hold out the shawl you are wearing and grip it tightly.” As she held it tightly, he measured out about 60 pounds of barley into the shawl and put it on her shoulders. Then he went into town, 16 and she returned to her mother-in-law. When Ruth returned to her mother-in-law, Naomi asked, “How did things turn out for you, my daughter?” Ruth told her about all the man had done for her. 17 She said, “He gave me these 60 pounds of barley, for he said to me, ‘Do not go to your mother-in-law empty-handed.’” 18 Then Naomi said, “Stay put, my daughter, until you know how the matter turns out. For the man will not rest until he has taken care of the matter today.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 22:30 and Ruth 3:9

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Deuteronomy forbids a man from marrying his father’s former wife, using the phrase about uncovering his father’s cloak. Ruth echoes this imagery when Ruth asks Boaz to spread his garment over her, a symbolic act linked to marriage.

Passages

Deuteronomy 22:30

Hebrew Bible
28 Suppose a man comes across a virgin who is not engaged and takes hold of her and sleeps with her and they are discovered. 29 The man who has slept with her must pay her father 50 shekels of silver and she must become his wife. Because he has humiliated her, he may never divorce her as long as he lives. 30 (23:1) A man may not marry his father’s former wife and in this way uncover his father's cloak.57
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Ruth 3:9

Hebrew Bible
7 When Boaz had finished his meal and was feeling satisfied, he lay down to sleep at the far end of the grain heap. Then Ruth crept up quietly, uncovered his legs, and lay down beside him. 8 In the middle of the night he was startled and turned over. Now he saw a woman lying beside him! 9 He said, “Who are you?” She replied, “I am Ruth, your servant. Spread your cloak over your servant,32 for you are a guardian of the family interests.” 10 He said, “May you be rewarded by the Lord, my dear! This act of devotion is greater than what you did before. For you have not sought to marry one of the young men, whether rich or poor. 11 Now, my dear, don’t worry! I intend to do for you everything you propose, for everyone at the town gate42 knows that you are a woman of noble character.43
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ruth

References

"... Since the suggestion was first made by E. Pococke, the majority of modern interpreters have understood 'his garments' as a reference to a wife. Several arguments have been offered in support. Perhaps least convincing is the frequent appeal to the Qur'an 2:187, which is offered as an extrabiblical example where 'garment' appears as a poetic reference to one's wife: '... They (your wives) are a covering to you, and you are a covering to them.' The use of 'garment,' however, whether as a metaphor (as in the Qur'an) or as a designation, is hardly customary as a reference to a wife, being attested nowhere else in Arabic literature or Biblical Hebrew. A second argument in favour of recognizing 'his garments' as a reference to a wife is the intimate proximity of clothes to the wearer, which suggests to some its aptness as a metaphor for a wife in relation to her husband. The final, and perhaps strongest argument for interpreting 'his garments' as a reference to a wife is the practice of obtaining a wife by means of covering her with a garment (Deuteronomy 22:30, Ruth 3:9, Ezekiel 16:8). Based on this association with a marriage rite, 'his garments' is used in a transferred sense to refer to the wife ..."
Gordon Paul Hugenberger, “Marriage as a Covenant: A Study of Biblical Law and Ethics Governing Marriage Developed from the Perspective of Malachi” (diss., The College of St. Paul and St. Mary, 1991), 74.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 22:30 and Ruth 3:9

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