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Romans

About this book
Chapter 5

1 Therefore, since we have been declared righteous by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, 2 through whom we have also obtained access into this grace in which we stand, and we rejoice in the hope of God’s glory. 3 Not only this, but we also rejoice in sufferings, knowing that suffering produces endurance, 4 and endurance, character, and character, hope. 5 And hope does not disappoint, because the love of God has been poured out in our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us.⁠ 6 For while we were still helpless, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly. 7 (For rarely will anyone die for a righteous person, though for a good person perhaps someone might possibly dare to die.) 8 But God demonstrates his own love for us, in that while we were still sinners, Christ died for us. 9 Much more then, because we have now been declared righteous by his blood, we will be saved through him from God’s wrath. 10 For if while we were enemies we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son, how much more, since we have been reconciled, will we be saved by his life? 11 Not only this, but we also rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received this reconciliation. 12 So then, just as sin entered the world through one man and death through sin, and so death spread to all people because all sinned—⁠ 13 for before the law was given, sin was in the world, but there is no accounting for sin when there is no law. 14 Yet death reigned from Adam until Moses even over those who did not sin in the same way that Adam (who is a type of the coming one) transgressed. 15 But the gracious gift is not like the transgression. For if the many died through the transgression of the one man, how much more did the grace of God and the gift by the grace of the one man Jesus Christ multiply to the many! 16 And the gift is not like the one who sinned. For judgment, resulting from the one transgression, led to condemnation, but the gracious gift from the many failures led to justification.⁠ 17 For if, by the transgression of the one man, death reigned through the one, how much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness reign in life through the one, Jesus Christ! 18 Consequently, just as condemnation for all people came through one transgression, so too through the one righteous act came righteousness leading to life for all people. 19 For just as through the disobedience of the one man many were constituted sinners, so also through the obedience of one man many will be constituted righteous.⁠ 20 Now the law came in so that the transgression may increase, but where sin increased, grace multiplied all the more, 21 so that just as sin reigned in death, so also grace will reign through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

Texts in conversation

Compare Testament of Judah 24:2 and Romans 5:5

Pseudepigrapha, Testaments · New Testament

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Summary

The Testament of Judah describes the messianic age when God will pour out the spirit of grace upon his people. In Romans 5, Paul echoes this, declaring that God’s love has been poured into believers’ hearts through the Holy Spirit.

Passages

Testament of Judah 24:2

Pseudepigrapha, Testaments · Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs
1 After this a star will rise to you from Jacob in peace, and a man will arise from my descendants like the sun of righteousness, walking with the children of men in gentleness and righteousness, and no sin will be found in him. 2 The heavens will be opened to him to pour out the spirit, the blessing of the Holy Father, and he will pour out the spirit of grace on you. You will be true sons to him, and you will walk in his commandments from first to last. 3 This is the Branch of God Most High, the Fountain that gives life to all. Then the scepter of my kingdom will shine out, and from your root a stem will arise, and from it a rod of righteousness will grow for the Gentiles, to judge and to save all who call on the Lord.
100 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Testament of Judah

Romans 5:5

New Testament
3 Not only this, but we also rejoice in sufferings, knowing that suffering produces endurance, 4 and endurance, character, and character, hope. 5 And hope does not disappoint, because the love of God has been poured out in our hearts through the Holy Spirit who was given to us. 6 For while we were still helpless, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly.
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

References

“... We also find the expression ‘spirit of God’ in connection with Joseph, the good man, in Testament of Simeon 4.4, and with the one who has a pure mind (Testament of Benjamin 8.2). The spirit of God is said to pass on to the Gentiles after Christ’s crucifixion (Testament of Benjamin 9.4). In Testament of Levi 18.7-11 and Testament of Judah 24.2, a number of expressions are used to denote the Holy Spirit given to Christ at his baptism, and poured out by him on believers. In Testament of Judah 20.1, 5, we find the expression τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας. In Testament of Levi 2.3, Levi receives πνεῦμα συνέσεως (compare 18.7) before his vision. Testament of Gad 4.7 opposes ‘the spirit of love’ to ‘the spirit of hatred’ ...”
Harm W. Hollander and Marinus de Jonge, The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs: A Commentary (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1985), 50.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Testament of Judah 24:2 and Romans 5:5

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