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Romans

About this book
Chapter 3

1 Therefore what advantage does the Jew have, or what is the value of circumcision? 2 Actually, there are many advantages. First of all, the Jews were entrusted with the oracles of God.⁠ 3 What then? If some were unfaithful, their unfaithfulness will not nullify God’s faithfulness, will it? 4 Absolutely not! Let God be proven true, and every human being shown up as a liar, just as it is written: “so that you will be justified in your words and will prevail when you are judged.” 5 But if our unrighteousness demonstrates the righteousness of God, what shall we say? The God who inflicts wrath is not unrighteous, is he? (I am speaking in human terms.) 6 Absolutely not! For otherwise how could God judge the world? 7 For if by my lie the truth of God enhances his glory, why am I still actually being judged as a sinner? 8 And why not say, “Let us do evil so that good may come of it”?—as some who slander us allege that we say. (Their condemnation is deserved!) 9 What then? Are we better off? Certainly not, for we have already charged that Jews and Greeks alike are all under sin, 10 just as it is written: “There is no one righteous, not even one;⁠ 11 there is no one who understands; there is no one who seeks God. 12 All have turned away; together they have become worthless; there is no one who shows kindness, not even one.”⁠ 13 “Their throats are open graves;⁠ they deceive with their tongues; the poison of asps is under their lips.”⁠ 14 “Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness.” 15 “Their feet are swift to shed blood; 16 ruin and misery are in their paths, 17 and the way of peace they have not known.” 18 “There is no fear of God before their eyes.” 19 Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world may be held accountable to God. 20 For no one is declared righteous before him⁠ by the works of the law, for through the law comes the knowledge of sin.⁠ 21 But now apart from the law the righteousness of God (although it is attested by the law and the prophets) has been disclosed— 22 namely, the righteousness of God through the faithfulness of Jesus Christ for all who believe. For there is no distinction, 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God. 24 But they are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus. 25 God publicly displayed him at his death as the mercy seat accessible through faith. This was to demonstrate his righteousness because God in his forbearance had passed over the sins previously committed.⁠ 26 This was also to demonstrate his righteousness in the present time, so that he would be just and the justifier of the one who lives because of Jesus’ faithfulness. 27 Where, then, is boasting? It is excluded! By what principle? Of works? No, but by the principle of faith! 28 For we consider that a person is declared righteous by faith apart from the works of the law. 29 Or is God the God of the Jews only? Is he not the God of the Gentiles too? Yes, of the Gentiles too! 30 Since God is one, he will justify the circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised through faith. 31 Do we then nullify the law through faith? Absolutely not! Instead we uphold the law.

Texts in conversation

Compare Romans 3:20 and Gospel of Philip 10:20

New Testament · Nag Hammadi

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Summary

The Gospel of Philip connects Romans' claim that the Law reveals sin without making people righteous with the tree of knowledge. Knowing good and evil becomes different from doing good, carrying Paul's limit on the Law back into the story of Adam.

Passages

Romans 3:20

New Testament
19 Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world may be held accountable to God. 20 For no one is declared righteous before him by the works of the law, for through the law comes the knowledge of sin. 21 But now apart from the law the righteousness of God (although it is attested by the law and the prophets) has been disclosed— 22 namely, the righteousness of God through the faithfulness of Jesus Christ for all who believe. For there is no distinction, 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God. 24 But they are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus.
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

Gospel of Philip 10:20

Nag Hammadi
I wish that [garden is the place where it] will be said to me: [“... eat] this,” or, “do not eat [that,” as you] desire. This is the place where I will eat everything, where the Tree of Knowledge dwells, the one that killed Adam. However, the Tree of Knowledge here has restored life to man. The Law was the tree. It was able to bestow knowledge of good and evil. It neither took away from him evil, nor did it establish him in what is good. Instead, it produced death for those who ate of it, because when he said, “eat this,” “do not eat that,” it was the origin of death.
180–250 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Gospel of Philip

References

“... So Paul explains in 3:19 that “‘whatever the law says, it says to those in the law {to the psychic Jews’) so that the whole cosmos (the psychic cosmos) may become liable before God.” Origen’s Valentinian opponents explain from 3:20 that since the law evokes “awareness of sin" the ideas of sin, liability, and judgment, emerge dialectically with the idea of law.*' The author of the Gospel of Philip expresses a similar conception in metaphor; he describes the law as the ‘tree’ which ‘has power to give knowledge of good and evil,”’ but cannot help man to implement this knowledge (see n. 51). ...”
Elaine Hiesey Pagels, The Gnostic Paul: Gnostic Exegesis of the Pauline Letters (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1975), 21–22.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Romans 3:20 and Gospel of Philip 10:20

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