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Romans

About this book
Chapter 3

1 Therefore what advantage does the Jew have, or what is the value of circumcision? 2 Actually, there are many advantages. First of all, the Jews were entrusted with the oracles of God.⁠ 3 What then? If some were unfaithful, their unfaithfulness will not nullify God’s faithfulness, will it? 4 Absolutely not! Let God be proven true, and every human being shown up as a liar, just as it is written: “so that you will be justified in your words and will prevail when you are judged.” 5 But if our unrighteousness demonstrates the righteousness of God, what shall we say? The God who inflicts wrath is not unrighteous, is he? (I am speaking in human terms.) 6 Absolutely not! For otherwise how could God judge the world? 7 For if by my lie the truth of God enhances his glory, why am I still actually being judged as a sinner? 8 And why not say, “Let us do evil so that good may come of it”?—as some who slander us allege that we say. (Their condemnation is deserved!) 9 What then? Are we better off? Certainly not, for we have already charged that Jews and Greeks alike are all under sin, 10 just as it is written: “There is no one righteous, not even one;⁠ 11 there is no one who understands; there is no one who seeks God. 12 All have turned away; together they have become worthless; there is no one who shows kindness, not even one.”⁠ 13 “Their throats are open graves;⁠ they deceive with their tongues; the poison of asps is under their lips.”⁠ 14 “Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness.” 15 “Their feet are swift to shed blood; 16 ruin and misery are in their paths, 17 and the way of peace they have not known.” 18 “There is no fear of God before their eyes.” 19 Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world may be held accountable to God. 20 For no one is declared righteous before him⁠ by the works of the law, for through the law comes the knowledge of sin.⁠ 21 But now apart from the law the righteousness of God (although it is attested by the law and the prophets) has been disclosed— 22 namely, the righteousness of God through the faithfulness of Jesus Christ for all who believe. For there is no distinction, 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God. 24 But they are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus. 25 God publicly displayed him at his death as the mercy seat accessible through faith. This was to demonstrate his righteousness because God in his forbearance had passed over the sins previously committed.⁠ 26 This was also to demonstrate his righteousness in the present time, so that he would be just and the justifier of the one who lives because of Jesus’ faithfulness. 27 Where, then, is boasting? It is excluded! By what principle? Of works? No, but by the principle of faith! 28 For we consider that a person is declared righteous by faith apart from the works of the law. 29 Or is God the God of the Jews only? Is he not the God of the Gentiles too? Yes, of the Gentiles too! 30 Since God is one, he will justify the circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised through faith. 31 Do we then nullify the law through faith? Absolutely not! Instead we uphold the law.

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Psalms 5:10 and Romans 3:13

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

Psalm 5 describes the wicked, whose throat is 'an open grave,' as distinct from the faithful. Paul quotes this in Romans to argue no one is righteous, blurring the very distinction the psalm depends on.

Passages

LXX Psalms 5:10

Septuagint
8 But I will enter into your house in the multitude of your mercy: I will worship in your fear toward your holy temple. 9 Lead me, Lord, in your righteousness because of my enemies; make your way plain before me. 10 For there is no truth in their mouth; their heart is vain; their throat is an open tomb; with their tongues they have used deceit. 11 Judge them, God; let them fail of their counsels: cast them out according to the abundance of their ungodliness; for they have provoked you, Lord.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Psalms

Romans 3:13

New Testament
10 just as it is written: “There is no one righteous, not even one; 11 there is no one who understands; there is no one who seeks God. 12 All have turned away; together they have become worthless; there is no one who shows kindness, not even one.” 13 “Their throats are open graves; they deceive with their tongues; the poison of asps is under their lips.” 14 “Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness.”
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

References

“... As in the earlier citations, all three psalms (5, 9, 139) make distinctions between the righteous and the wicked that the catena drops (5:5, 12; 9:1-4, 12-14; 139:4, 13). The throat of sinners in v. 13 is described as a “grave that has been opened.” [...] Since an open grave allowed pollution to spread, this metaphor may refer to corrupt and filthy speech. It is also possible that the metaphor of an open grave reflects the ancient view of Mot, the god of death, whose gigantic maw had an “insatiable . . . voracious appetite” to swallow up the living. In that case, the metaphor relates to death-dealing words and indicates the likely future of those who participate in this kind of speech. In the second line of the quatrain, the tongue participates by its deceit in the universal lies of the human race. [...] In the third line the deadly poison of asps is spewed out by lethal words that destroy others as well as one's self. [...] In the final line the mouth utters words of cursing and bitterness against the world. These metaphors are vivid descriptions of unrighteous communication, the “sins of the mouth.” ...”
Robert Jewett, Romans: A Commentary (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2007), 262.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Psalms 5:10 and Romans 3:13

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