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Romans

About this book
Chapter 3

1 Therefore what advantage does the Jew have, or what is the value of circumcision? 2 Actually, there are many advantages. First of all, the Jews were entrusted with the oracles of God.⁠ 3 What then? If some were unfaithful, their unfaithfulness will not nullify God’s faithfulness, will it? 4 Absolutely not! Let God be proven true, and every human being shown up as a liar, just as it is written: “so that you will be justified in your words and will prevail when you are judged.” 5 But if our unrighteousness demonstrates the righteousness of God, what shall we say? The God who inflicts wrath is not unrighteous, is he? (I am speaking in human terms.) 6 Absolutely not! For otherwise how could God judge the world? 7 For if by my lie the truth of God enhances his glory, why am I still actually being judged as a sinner? 8 And why not say, “Let us do evil so that good may come of it”?—as some who slander us allege that we say. (Their condemnation is deserved!) 9 What then? Are we better off? Certainly not, for we have already charged that Jews and Greeks alike are all under sin, 10 just as it is written: “There is no one righteous, not even one;⁠ 11 there is no one who understands; there is no one who seeks God. 12 All have turned away; together they have become worthless; there is no one who shows kindness, not even one.”⁠ 13 “Their throats are open graves;⁠ they deceive with their tongues; the poison of asps is under their lips.”⁠ 14 “Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness.” 15 “Their feet are swift to shed blood; 16 ruin and misery are in their paths, 17 and the way of peace they have not known.” 18 “There is no fear of God before their eyes.” 19 Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world may be held accountable to God. 20 For no one is declared righteous before him⁠ by the works of the law, for through the law comes the knowledge of sin.⁠ 21 But now apart from the law the righteousness of God (although it is attested by the law and the prophets) has been disclosed— 22 namely, the righteousness of God through the faithfulness of Jesus Christ for all who believe. For there is no distinction, 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God. 24 But they are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus. 25 God publicly displayed him at his death as the mercy seat accessible through faith. This was to demonstrate his righteousness because God in his forbearance had passed over the sins previously committed.⁠ 26 This was also to demonstrate his righteousness in the present time, so that he would be just and the justifier of the one who lives because of Jesus’ faithfulness. 27 Where, then, is boasting? It is excluded! By what principle? Of works? No, but by the principle of faith! 28 For we consider that a person is declared righteous by faith apart from the works of the law. 29 Or is God the God of the Jews only? Is he not the God of the Gentiles too? Yes, of the Gentiles too! 30 Since God is one, he will justify the circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised through faith. 31 Do we then nullify the law through faith? Absolutely not! Instead we uphold the law.

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 14:3 and LXX Psalm 13:3 and Romans 3:12

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

Psalm 14 compares fools who deny God with the people God defends. In Romans, Paul echoes the Greek Septuagint translation but leaves out the word "fool" so now the description applies to everyone without exception.

Passages

Psalm 14:3

Hebrew Bible
1 For the music director, by David. Fools say to themselves, “There is no God.” They sin and commit evil deeds; none of them does what is right. 2 The Lord looks down from heaven at the human race, to see if there is anyone who is wise and seeks God. 3 Everyone rejects God; they are all morally corrupt. None of them does what is right, not even one. 4 All those who behave wickedly do not understand— those who devour my people as if they were eating bread and do not call out to the Lord.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

LXX Psalm 13:3

Septuagint
1 For the end, a Psalm of David. The fool has said in his heart, There is no God. They have corrupted themselves, and become abominable in their devices; there is none that does goodness, there is not even so much as one. 2 The Lord looked down from heaven upon the sons of men, to see if there were any that understood, or sought after God. 3 They have all gone out of the way, they have together become good for nothing, there is none that does good, no not one. Their throat is an open tomb; with their tongues they have used deceit; the poison of asps is under their lips: whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness; their feet are swift to shed blood: destruction and misery are in their ways; and the way of peace they have not known: there is no fear of God before their eyes.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Psalms

Romans 3:12

New Testament
10 just as it is written: “There is no one righteous, not even one; 11 there is no one who understands; there is no one who seeks God. 12 All have turned away; together they have become worthless; there is no one who shows kindness, not even one.” 13 “Their throats are open graves; they deceive with their tongues; the poison of asps is under their lips.” 14 “Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness.”
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

References

“... The opening line of the catena was rather forcibly derived from a combination of Ps 13:1 and Sir 7:20 [...] The Pauline redaction replaces the motif of “goodness” in Ps 13 with “righteous” from Ecclesiastes, a theme that resonates with his previous discussion and with the thesis of Romans. Paul also deletes the reference to the “fool” in Ps 13:1, thus eliminating the traditional distinction between the wise, righteous person and the foolish, wicked one. [...] Paul’s reformulation eliminates the existence of any righteous person. All of humanity is now captured in this denunciation. ...”
Robert Jewett, Romans: A Commentary (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2007), 259.
“... The second line of the catena is cleverly adapted by Paul from LXX Ps 13:2, which depicts God’s looking “down from heaven upon the sons of men to see if there were any that understood, or sought after God [...].” With the removal of the theme of the fool, this reference to God’s inquiring gaze in Ps 13:2a becomes irrelevant, and Paul can augment the anaphoric parallelism with two additional [...] references that serve to comprise a series of five, counting the two in the following verse. [...] This verse is drawn verbatim from LXX Ps 13:3 ...”
Robert Jewett, Romans: A Commentary (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2007), 260.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 14:3 and LXX Psalm 13:3 and Romans 3:12

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