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Romans

About this book
Chapter 3

1 Therefore what advantage does the Jew have, or what is the value of circumcision? 2 Actually, there are many advantages. First of all, the Jews were entrusted with the oracles of God.⁠ 3 What then? If some were unfaithful, their unfaithfulness will not nullify God’s faithfulness, will it? 4 Absolutely not! Let God be proven true, and every human being shown up as a liar, just as it is written: “so that you will be justified in your words and will prevail when you are judged.” 5 But if our unrighteousness demonstrates the righteousness of God, what shall we say? The God who inflicts wrath is not unrighteous, is he? (I am speaking in human terms.) 6 Absolutely not! For otherwise how could God judge the world? 7 For if by my lie the truth of God enhances his glory, why am I still actually being judged as a sinner? 8 And why not say, “Let us do evil so that good may come of it”?—as some who slander us allege that we say. (Their condemnation is deserved!) 9 What then? Are we better off? Certainly not, for we have already charged that Jews and Greeks alike are all under sin, 10 just as it is written: “There is no one righteous, not even one;⁠ 11 there is no one who understands; there is no one who seeks God. 12 All have turned away; together they have become worthless; there is no one who shows kindness, not even one.”⁠ 13 “Their throats are open graves;⁠ they deceive with their tongues; the poison of asps is under their lips.”⁠ 14 “Their mouths are full of cursing and bitterness.” 15 “Their feet are swift to shed blood; 16 ruin and misery are in their paths, 17 and the way of peace they have not known.” 18 “There is no fear of God before their eyes.” 19 Now we know that whatever the law says, it says to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world may be held accountable to God. 20 For no one is declared righteous before him⁠ by the works of the law, for through the law comes the knowledge of sin.⁠ 21 But now apart from the law the righteousness of God (although it is attested by the law and the prophets) has been disclosed— 22 namely, the righteousness of God through the faithfulness of Jesus Christ for all who believe. For there is no distinction, 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God. 24 But they are justified freely by his grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus. 25 God publicly displayed him at his death as the mercy seat accessible through faith. This was to demonstrate his righteousness because God in his forbearance had passed over the sins previously committed.⁠ 26 This was also to demonstrate his righteousness in the present time, so that he would be just and the justifier of the one who lives because of Jesus’ faithfulness. 27 Where, then, is boasting? It is excluded! By what principle? Of works? No, but by the principle of faith! 28 For we consider that a person is declared righteous by faith apart from the works of the law. 29 Or is God the God of the Jews only? Is he not the God of the Gentiles too? Yes, of the Gentiles too! 30 Since God is one, he will justify the circumcised by faith and the uncircumcised through faith. 31 Do we then nullify the law through faith? Absolutely not! Instead we uphold the law.

Texts in conversation

Compare Ecclesiastes 7:20 and Romans 3:10

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Ecclesiastes says no one is fully righteous and everyone fails. In Romans, Paul repeats this and says none are righteous. Even though Romans cites the Psalms, its language resembles Ecclesiastes, showing this interpretation was already common.

Passages

Ecclesiastes 7:20

Hebrew Bible
18 It is best to take hold of one warning without letting go of the other warning; for the one who fears God will follow both warnings. 19 Wisdom gives a wise person more protection than ten rulers in a city. 20 For there is not one truly righteous person on the earth who continually does good and never sins. 21 Also, do not pay attention to everything that people say; otherwise, you might even hear your servant cursing you. 22 For you know in your own heart that you also have cursed others many times.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ecclesiastes

Romans 3:10

New Testament
8 And why not say, “Let us do evil so that good may come of it”?—as some who slander us allege that we say. (Their condemnation is deserved!) 9 What then? Are we better off? Certainly not, for we have already charged that Jews and Greeks alike are all under sin, 10 just as it is written: “There is no one righteous, not even one; 11 there is no one who understands; there is no one who seeks God. 12 All have turned away; together they have become worthless; there is no one who shows kindness, not even one.”
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

References

"... Before Paul establishes the full scope of the gospel, he addresses the problem of the extent of sin. He turns primarily to the Psalms, in the longest concatenation of Old Testament references in all his letters. His opening line is a bold asseveration: “No one is righteous, no, not one”. The quotation is almost certainly from the last line of Psalm 14:1: “There is none who does good”. The Septuagint, however, has translated the Hebrew ('there is no one doing good') with ('there is no one practicing kindness, not even one'). Paul’s rendering in Romans 3:10 is ('there is no one righteous, there is not even one'). Potentially, Paul was influenced by Ecclesiastes 7:20 ('Surely there is not a righteous man on earth'). The reason for Paul’s variation from both the Septuagint and from the MT is not clear ..."
Iain Gibb, “Paul and the Psalms: Paul's Hermeneutic and Worldview” (MTh(R) diss., University of Glasgow, 2017), 152.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Ecclesiastes 7:20 and Romans 3:10

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