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Romans

About this book
Chapter 10

1 Brothers and sisters, my heart’s desire and prayer to God on behalf of my fellow Israelites is for their salvation. 2 For I can testify that they are zealous for God, but their zeal is not in line with the truth. 3 For ignoring the righteousness that comes from God and seeking instead to establish their own righteousness, they did not submit to God’s righteousness. 4 For Christ is the end of the law, with the result that there is righteousness for everyone who believes. 5 For Moses writes about the righteousness that is by the law: “The one who does these things will live by them.”⁠ 6 But the righteousness that is by faith says: “Do not say in your heart, ‘Who will ascend into heaven?’”⁠ (that is, to bring Christ down)⁠ 7 or “Who will descend into the abyss?”⁠ (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead). 8 But what does it say? “The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart” (that is, the word of faith that we preach), 9 because if you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. 10 For with the heart one believes and thus has righteousness and with the mouth one confesses and thus has salvation. 11 For the scripture says, “Everyone who believes in him will not be put to shame.” 12 For there is no distinction between the Jew and the Greek, for the same Lord is Lord of all, who richly blesses all who call on him. 13 For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.⁠ 14 How are they to call on one they have not believed in? And how are they to believe in one they have not heard of? And how are they to hear without someone preaching to them? 15 And how are they to preach unless they are sent? As it is written, “How timely is the arrival of those who proclaim the good news.” 16 But not all have obeyed the good news, for Isaiah says, “Lord, who has believed our report?” 17 Consequently faith comes from what is heard, and what is heard comes through the preached word of Christ. 18 But I ask, have they not heard? Yes, they have: Their voice has gone out to all the earth, and their words to the ends of the world. 19 But again I ask, didn’t Israel understand? First Moses says, “I will make you jealous by those who are not a nation; with a senseless nation I will provoke you to anger.” 20 And Isaiah is even bold enough to say, “I was found by those who did not seek me; I became well known to those who did not ask for me.” 21 But about Israel he says, “All day long I held out my hands to this disobedient and stubborn people!”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare LXX Joel 3:5 and Romans 10:13

Septuagint · New Testament

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Summary

Romans has one of the earliest references to Joel, applying the promise that all who call on God will be saved to everyone. In Joel, it refers to survivors in Jerusalem during crisis, and Paul extends it to Jewish people and Gentiles.

Passages

LXX Joel 3:5

Septuagint
3 And I will show wonders in heaven, and upon the earth, blood, and fire, and vapor of smoke. 4 The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood, before the great and glorious day of the Lord comes. 5 And whoever calls on the name of the Lord will be saved: for in mount Zion and in Jerusalem the saved one will be as the Lord has said, and those who have good news preached to them, whom the Lord has called.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Joel

Romans 10:13

New Testament
12 For there is no distinction between the Jew and the Greek, for the same Lord is Lord of all, who richly blesses all who call on him. 13 For everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved. 14 How are they to call on one they have not believed in? And how are they to believe in one they have not heard of? And how are they to hear without someone preaching to them?
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

References

"... The earliest reuse of Joel appears in the New Testament. Romans 10:13 and 1 Corinthians 1:2 use unmarked citations of Joel 3:5a [2:32] to buttress a claim that salvation is universally available, while Acts 10:45 and Titus 3:6 allude to Joel 3:1 in referring to Pentecost a precursor of the gift of the Spirit to Gentiles. Beyond these, some dystopian eschatological scenarios utilize Joel’s descriptions of harvest (Mark 4:29 / Joel 4:13a), the darkening of sun, moon and stars (Mark 13:24 / Matt 24:29 / Joel 2:10), the moon turning to blood (Revelation 6:12 / Joel 2:10; 3:4), and the plague of locusts (Revelation 9:7–9 / Joel 2:4–5b) ..."
Ronald L Troxel, Joel: Scope, Genre(s), and Meaning (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2015), 3.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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LXX Joel 3:5 and Romans 10:13

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