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Revelation

About this book
Chapter 7

1 After this I saw four angels standing at the four corners of the earth, holding back the four winds of the earth so no wind could blow on the earth, on the sea, or on any tree.⁠ 2 Then I saw another angel ascending from the east, who had the seal of the living God. He shouted out with a loud voice to the four angels who had been given permission to damage the earth and the sea: 3 “Do not damage the earth or the sea or the trees until we have put a seal on the foreheads of the servants of our God.” 4 Now I heard the number of those who were marked with the seal, 144,000, sealed from all the tribes of the people of Israel: 5 From the tribe of Judah, 12,000 were sealed, from the tribe of Reuben, 12,000, from the tribe of Gad, 12,000, 6 from the tribe of Asher, 12,000, from the tribe of Naphtali, 12,000, from the tribe of Manasseh, 12,000, 7 from the tribe of Simeon, 12,000, from the tribe of Levi, 12,000, from the tribe of Issachar, 12,000, 8 from the tribe of Zebulun, 12,000, from the tribe of Joseph, 12,000, from the tribe of Benjamin, 12,000 were sealed. 9 After these things I looked, and here was an enormous crowd that no one could count, made up of persons from every nation, tribe, people, and language, standing before the throne and before the Lamb dressed in long white robes, and with palm branches in their hands.⁠ 10 They were shouting out in a loud voice, “Salvation belongs to our God, who is seated on the throne, and to the Lamb!” 11 And all the angels stood there in a circle around the throne and around the elders and the four living creatures, and they threw themselves down with their faces to the ground before the throne and worshiped God, 12 saying, “Amen! Praise and glory, and wisdom and thanksgiving, and honor and power and strength be to our God for ever and ever. Amen!” 13 Then one of the elders asked me, “These dressed in long white robes—who are they and where have they come from?” 14 So I said to him, “My lord, you know the answer.” Then he said to me, “These are the ones who have come out of the great tribulation. They have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb! 15 For this reason they are before the throne of God, and they serve him day and night in his temple, and the one seated on the throne will shelter them. 16 They will never go hungry or be thirsty again, and the sun will not beat down on them, nor any burning heat,⁠ 17 because the Lamb in the middle of the throne will shepherd them and lead them to springs of living water,⁠ and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 23:2 and Revelation 7:17

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

In Psalm 23, the psalmist connects shepherding and being led to water as a metaphor for personal care. The author of Revelation combines those two expressions, suggesting the psalm rather than Isaiah or Ezekiel influenced its language.

Passages

Psalm 23:2

Hebrew Bible
1 A psalm of David. The Lord is my shepherd, I lack nothing. 2 He takes me to lush pastures, he leads me to refreshing water. 3 He restores my strength. He leads me down the right paths for the sake of his reputation. 4 Even when I must walk through the darkest valley, I fear no danger, for you are with me; your rod and your staff reassure me.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Revelation 7:17

New Testament
15 For this reason they are before the throne of God, and they serve him day and night in his temple, and the one seated on the throne will shelter them. 16 They will never go hungry or be thirsty again, and the sun will not beat down on them, nor any burning heat, 17 because the Lamb in the middle of the throne will shepherd them and lead them to springs of living water, and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.”
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

“... Differently from the texts of Isaiah and Ezekiel, Ps. 23(22):1–2 subsumes both of two key expressions of Rev. 7:17 together: ‘to shepherd them’ [...], ‘to lead them to springs of living water’ [...] as the text of the Psalm says, ‘Yahweh tends me as a shepherd…he leads me beside still waters’ [...]. The metaphor of ‘Yawheh as shepherd’ in Ps. 23 is one of the oldest epithets of God in the Hebrew tradition (Gen. 49:24). In the Hebrew Bible, the image of a shepherd often describes Yahweh, who saved his people from Egypt and continued to protect them in the wilderness (Isa. 40:11; 49:9–10; Jer. 31:10; Mic. 7:14; Pss. 77:21; 78:52–53; 80:2; 95:7. Cf. Pss. 23:1–2; 28:9; 74:1; 100:3). ...”
Sung Kuk Kim, “Psalms in the Book of Revelation” (diss., University of Edinburgh, 2013), 173.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 23:2 and Revelation 7:17

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