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Revelation

About this book
Chapter 17

1 Then one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and spoke to me. “Come,” he said, “I will show you the condemnation and punishment of the great prostitute who sits on many waters,⁠ 2 with whom the kings of the earth committed sexual immorality and the earth’s inhabitants got drunk with the wine of her immorality.” 3 So he carried me away in the Spirit to a wilderness, and there I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast that was full of blasphemous names and had seven heads and ten horns. 4 Now the woman was dressed in purple and scarlet clothing, and adorned with gold, precious stones, and pearls. She held in her hand a golden cup filled with detestable things and unclean things from her sexual immorality. 5 On her forehead was written a name, a mystery: “Babylon the Great, the Mother of prostitutes and of the detestable things of the earth.” 6 I saw that the woman was drunk with the blood of the saints and the blood of those who testified to Jesus. I was greatly astounded when I saw her. 7 But the angel said to me, “Why are you astounded? I will interpret for you the mystery of the woman and of the beast with the seven heads and ten horns that carries her. 8 The beast you saw was, and is not, but is about to come up from the abyss and then go to destruction. The inhabitants of the earth—all those whose names have not been written in the book of life since the foundation of the world—will be astounded when they see that the beast was, and is not, but is to come. 9 (This requires a mind that has wisdom.) The seven heads are seven mountains the woman sits on. They are also seven kings:⁠ 10 five have fallen; one is, and the other has not yet come, but whenever he does come, he must remain for only a brief time. 11 The beast that was, and is not, is himself an eighth king and yet is one of the seven, and is going to destruction. 12 The ten horns that you saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but will receive ruling authority as kings with the beast for one hour.⁠ 13 These kings have a single intent, and they will give their power and authority to the beast. 14 They will make war with the Lamb, but the Lamb will conquer them, because he is Lord of lords and King of kings,⁠ and those accompanying the Lamb are the called, chosen, and faithful.”⁠ 15 Then the angel said to me, “The waters you saw (where the prostitute is seated) are peoples, multitudes, nations, and languages. 16 The ten horns that you saw, and the beast—these will hate the prostitute and make her desolate and naked. They will consume her flesh and burn her up with fire.⁠ 17 For God has put into their minds to carry out his purpose by making a decision to give their royal power to the beast until the words of God are fulfilled. 18 As for the woman you saw, she is the great city that has sovereignty over the kings of the earth.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Nahum 3:4 and Revelation 17:2

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Nahum depicts Nineveh as a prostitute who enslaves nations through sorcery and open sexuality, later echoed in Revelation where a prostitute corrupts kings and nations. Both use the image of prostitution to describe the destructive power of empires.

Passages

Nahum 3:4

Hebrew Bible
2 The chariot drivers will crack their whips; the chariot wheels will shake the ground. The chariot horses will gallop; the war chariots will bolt forward! 3 The charioteers will charge ahead; their swords will flash and their spears will glimmer! There will be many people slain; there will be piles of the dead and countless casualties—so many that people will stumble over the corpses. 4 Because you have acted like a wanton prostitute—a seductive mistress who practices sorcery, who enslaves nations by her harlotry, and entices peoples by her sorcery— 5 “I am against you,” declares the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “I will strip off your clothes! I will show your nakedness to the nations and your shame to the kingdoms. 6 I will pelt you with filth; I will treat you with contempt; I will make you a public spectacle.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Nahum

Revelation 17:2

New Testament
1 Then one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and spoke to me. “Come,” he said, “I will show you the condemnation and punishment of the great prostitute who sits on many waters, 2 with whom the kings of the earth committed sexual immorality and the earth’s inhabitants got drunk with the wine of her immorality.” 3 So he carried me away in the Spirit to a wilderness, and there I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast that was full of blasphemous names and had seven heads and ten horns. 4 Now the woman was dressed in purple and scarlet clothing, and adorned with gold, precious stones, and pearls. She held in her hand a golden cup filled with detestable things and unclean things from her sexual immorality.
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... The Old Testament often speaks of spiritual adultery, especially in the context of Israel’s unfaithfulness to God (e.g., Leviticus 17:7; Isaiah 1:21; Jeremiah 3:1–14), but occasionally other people’s also (Isaiah 26:16–18; Nahum 3:4). James addresses an audience experiencing economic oppression, some of whom are tempted to favor the growing resistance against Rome. He warns his audience that God’s wisdom is gentle and peaceful in contrast to the selfish and striving wisdom of the world and the devil (James 3:13–18). Those who seek violent solutions to their situation, while claiming to follow God (James 4:1–2), pursue their own desires rather than God’s will (James 4:3) and hence are spiritual “adulteresses” (James 4:4). James undoubtedly alludes to the common image of Israel’s harlotry here, not to a narrower allusion like Proverbs 30:20. James offers a solution to this adultery: instead of trying to follow both God’s values and those of the world, they should submit to God and resist the devil (James 4:7–10), seeking peace with their neighbors (compare James 4:11–12) ..."
Ralph P. Martin and Peter H. Davids, eds., Dictionary of the Later New Testament & Its Developments (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1997), 1042–1043.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Nahum 3:4 and Revelation 17:2

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