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Revelation

About this book
Chapter 17

1 Then one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and spoke to me. “Come,” he said, “I will show you the condemnation and punishment of the great prostitute who sits on many waters,⁠ 2 with whom the kings of the earth committed sexual immorality and the earth’s inhabitants got drunk with the wine of her immorality.” 3 So he carried me away in the Spirit to a wilderness, and there I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast that was full of blasphemous names and had seven heads and ten horns. 4 Now the woman was dressed in purple and scarlet clothing, and adorned with gold, precious stones, and pearls. She held in her hand a golden cup filled with detestable things and unclean things from her sexual immorality. 5 On her forehead was written a name, a mystery: “Babylon the Great, the Mother of prostitutes and of the detestable things of the earth.” 6 I saw that the woman was drunk with the blood of the saints and the blood of those who testified to Jesus. I was greatly astounded when I saw her. 7 But the angel said to me, “Why are you astounded? I will interpret for you the mystery of the woman and of the beast with the seven heads and ten horns that carries her. 8 The beast you saw was, and is not, but is about to come up from the abyss and then go to destruction. The inhabitants of the earth—all those whose names have not been written in the book of life since the foundation of the world—will be astounded when they see that the beast was, and is not, but is to come. 9 (This requires a mind that has wisdom.) The seven heads are seven mountains the woman sits on. They are also seven kings:⁠ 10 five have fallen; one is, and the other has not yet come, but whenever he does come, he must remain for only a brief time. 11 The beast that was, and is not, is himself an eighth king and yet is one of the seven, and is going to destruction. 12 The ten horns that you saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but will receive ruling authority as kings with the beast for one hour.⁠ 13 These kings have a single intent, and they will give their power and authority to the beast. 14 They will make war with the Lamb, but the Lamb will conquer them, because he is Lord of lords and King of kings,⁠ and those accompanying the Lamb are the called, chosen, and faithful.”⁠ 15 Then the angel said to me, “The waters you saw (where the prostitute is seated) are peoples, multitudes, nations, and languages. 16 The ten horns that you saw, and the beast—these will hate the prostitute and make her desolate and naked. They will consume her flesh and burn her up with fire.⁠ 17 For God has put into their minds to carry out his purpose by making a decision to give their royal power to the beast until the words of God are fulfilled. 18 As for the woman you saw, she is the great city that has sovereignty over the kings of the earth.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Daniel 7:24 and Revelation 17:12

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Daniel describes an apocalyptic vision where ten horns represent kings, with one rising above the rest and subduing others. Revelation reshapes this, connecting ten horns to kings who serve a greater power.

Passages

Daniel 7:24

Hebrew Bible
21 While I was watching, that horn began to wage war against the holy ones and was defeating them, 22 until the Ancient of Days arrived and judgment was rendered in favor of the holy ones of the Most High. Then the time came for the holy ones to take possession of the kingdom. 23 “This is what he told me: ‘The fourth beast means that there will be a fourth kingdom on earth that will differ from all the other kingdoms. It will devour all the earth and will trample and crush it. 24 The 10 horns mean that 10 kings will arise from that kingdom. Another king will arise after them, but he will be different from the earlier ones. He will humiliate three kings. 25 He will speak words against the Most High. He will harass the holy ones of the Most High continually. His intention will be to change times established by law. The holy ones will be delivered into his hand for a time, times, and half a time.
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Daniel

Revelation 17:12

New Testament
8 The beast you saw was, and is not, but is about to come up from the abyss and then go to destruction. The inhabitants of the earth—all those whose names have not been written in the book of life since the foundation of the world—will be astounded when they see that the beast was, and is not, but is to come. 9 (This requires a mind that has wisdom.) The seven heads are seven mountains the woman sits on. They are also seven kings: 10 five have fallen; one is, and the other has not yet come, but whenever he does come, he must remain for only a brief time. 11 The beast that was, and is not, is himself an eighth king and yet is one of the seven, and is going to destruction. 12 The ten horns that you saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but will receive ruling authority as kings with the beast for one hour.
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... There is a foundation for perceiving in Revelation 17:14a as an allusion to Daniel 7:21 due to the similarity in their phraseology. However, there is a notable alteration in the wording that seems to align with the types of modifications observed in 1 Enoch 90:12, 13b, and Revelation 12:7b-8a. Consequently, the messianic Lamb is depicted in an ironic manner, triumphing over the forces of the horned beast, employing the same terminology that describes the beast in Daniel chapter 7 (as well as Revelation 11:7 and 13:7a) vanquishing the saints. John appears to interpret the prophecy of the beast’s victory over the saints in Daniel 7:21 as an ironic foreshadowing of the beast's own eventual defeat by the Messiah. Hence, the beast's downfall is destined to happen through the same warlike means by which he achieved victory. The "called, chosen, and faithful" who accompany the Lamb might be envisaged as co-combatants in this triumph, potentially symbolizing the vindication of the persecuted saints mentioned in Daniel 7:21. In summary, Revelation 17:14a should be recognized as utilizing Daniel 7:21 with polemical irony and as a deliberate theological expansion of the references to Daniel 7:21 found in Revelation 11:7, 12:7b-8a, and 13:7a ..."
G. K. Beale, The Use of Daniel in Jewish Apocalyptic Literature and in the Revelation of St. John (Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2010), 273.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Daniel 7:24 and Revelation 17:12

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