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Revelation

About this book
Chapter 17

1 Then one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and spoke to me. “Come,” he said, “I will show you the condemnation and punishment of the great prostitute who sits on many waters,⁠ 2 with whom the kings of the earth committed sexual immorality and the earth’s inhabitants got drunk with the wine of her immorality.” 3 So he carried me away in the Spirit to a wilderness, and there I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast that was full of blasphemous names and had seven heads and ten horns. 4 Now the woman was dressed in purple and scarlet clothing, and adorned with gold, precious stones, and pearls. She held in her hand a golden cup filled with detestable things and unclean things from her sexual immorality. 5 On her forehead was written a name, a mystery: “Babylon the Great, the Mother of prostitutes and of the detestable things of the earth.” 6 I saw that the woman was drunk with the blood of the saints and the blood of those who testified to Jesus. I was greatly astounded when I saw her. 7 But the angel said to me, “Why are you astounded? I will interpret for you the mystery of the woman and of the beast with the seven heads and ten horns that carries her. 8 The beast you saw was, and is not, but is about to come up from the abyss and then go to destruction. The inhabitants of the earth—all those whose names have not been written in the book of life since the foundation of the world—will be astounded when they see that the beast was, and is not, but is to come. 9 (This requires a mind that has wisdom.) The seven heads are seven mountains the woman sits on. They are also seven kings:⁠ 10 five have fallen; one is, and the other has not yet come, but whenever he does come, he must remain for only a brief time. 11 The beast that was, and is not, is himself an eighth king and yet is one of the seven, and is going to destruction. 12 The ten horns that you saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but will receive ruling authority as kings with the beast for one hour.⁠ 13 These kings have a single intent, and they will give their power and authority to the beast. 14 They will make war with the Lamb, but the Lamb will conquer them, because he is Lord of lords and King of kings,⁠ and those accompanying the Lamb are the called, chosen, and faithful.”⁠ 15 Then the angel said to me, “The waters you saw (where the prostitute is seated) are peoples, multitudes, nations, and languages. 16 The ten horns that you saw, and the beast—these will hate the prostitute and make her desolate and naked. They will consume her flesh and burn her up with fire.⁠ 17 For God has put into their minds to carry out his purpose by making a decision to give their royal power to the beast until the words of God are fulfilled. 18 As for the woman you saw, she is the great city that has sovereignty over the kings of the earth.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Jeremiah 51:13 and Revelation 17:1

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Revelation’s vision of the woman seated by many waters recalls Jeremiah’s description of Babylon beside great rivers. Revelation extends this metaphor, combining it with the image of a golden cup to depict a city whose allure intoxicates the nations.

Passages

Jeremiah 51:13

Hebrew Bible
11 “Sharpen your arrows! Fill your quivers! The Lord will arouse a spirit of hostility in the kings of Media, for he intends to destroy Babylonia. For that is how the Lord will get his revenge—how he will get his revenge for the Babylonians’ destruction of his temple. 12 Give the signal to attack Babylon’s wall! Bring more guards; post them all around the city. Put men in ambush, for the Lord will do what he has planned. He will do what he said he would do to the people of Babylon. 13 “You who live along the rivers of Babylon, the time of your end has come. You who are rich in plundered treasure, it is time for your lives to be cut off. 14 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies has solemnly sworn, ‘I will fill your land with enemy soldiers. They will swarm over it like locusts. They will raise up shouts of victory over it.’
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

Revelation 17:1

New Testament
1 Then one of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and spoke to me. “Come,” he said, “I will show you the condemnation and punishment of the great prostitute who sits on many waters, 2 with whom the kings of the earth committed sexual immorality and the earth’s inhabitants got drunk with the wine of her immorality.” 3 So he carried me away in the Spirit to a wilderness, and there I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast that was full of blasphemous names and had seven heads and ten horns. 4 Now the woman was dressed in purple and scarlet clothing, and adorned with gold, precious stones, and pearls. She held in her hand a golden cup filled with detestable things and unclean things from her sexual immorality.
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... John sees the γυνή holding something in her hand. It is another container for a liquid so often spoken about throughout Revelation. The container is identified as ποτήριον χρυσοῦν “a golden cup” having very extraordinary “liquid” filling composed of two elements: βδελυγμάτων “abominations”, and ἀκάθαρτα τῆς πορνείας “impurities of fornication.” The golden cup phrase ποτήριον χρυσοῦν is an allusion to Jeremiah 51:7 once again bringing the reference to Babylon into consideration (as the phrase ὑδάτων πολλῶν above to Jeremiah 51:13). This context is of special value because it depicts Babylon’s deception of other nations by its wine succeedingly making them drunk. According to this allusion, therefore, the ποτήριον χρυσοῦν points to γυνή’s deceptive character. The twofold content of ποτήριον does not point to something nice. Both of the concepts βδέλυγμα and ἀκάθαρτος relate to γυνή’s “pornographic” activity which is unacceptable in God’s view. The idea of βδέλυγμα can be established on account of previous uses. Usually, the word is situated into the context of God’s disgust upon certain idolatrous behavior (see Deuteronomy 7:25; Isaiah 2:8; Jeremiah 44:22-23; Daniel 9:27; Malachi 2:11). It is similar with the concept of ἀκάθαρτος which is modified with τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς framing it into the domain of idolatry as well ..."
Michal Schejbal, “The Mystery of the Woman and the Beast: Rhetorical-Narrative Analysis of Revelation 17:1-18” (diss., Charles University in Prague, 2018), 59–60.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jeremiah 51:13 and Revelation 17:1

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