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Revelation

About this book
Chapter 13

1 Then I saw a beast coming up out of the sea. It had ten horns and seven heads, and on its horns were ten diadem crowns, and on its heads a blasphemous name.⁠ 2 Now the beast that I saw was like a leopard, but its feet were like a bear’s, and its mouth was like a lion’s mouth.⁠ The dragon gave the beast his power, his throne, and great authority to rule. 3 One of the beast’s heads appeared to have been killed, but the lethal wound had been healed. And the whole world followed the beast in amazement; 4 they worshiped the dragon because he had given ruling authority to the beast, and they worshiped the beast too, saying: “Who is like the beast?” and “Who is able to make war against him?” 5 The beast was given a mouth speaking proud words and blasphemies, and he was permitted to exercise ruling authority for forty-two months. 6 So the beast opened his mouth to blaspheme against God—to blaspheme both his name and his dwelling place, that is, those who dwell in heaven. 7 The beast was permitted to go to war against the saints and conquer them. He was given ruling authority over every tribe, people, language, and nation,⁠ 8 and all those who live on the earth will worship the beast, everyone whose name has not been written since the foundation of the world in the book of life belonging to the Lamb who was killed. 9 If anyone has an ear, he had better listen! 10 If anyone is meant for captivity, into captivity he will go. If anyone is to be killed by the sword, then by the sword he must be killed.⁠ This requires steadfast endurance and faith from the saints. 11 Then I saw another beast coming up from the earth. He had two horns like a lamb, but was speaking like a dragon. 12 He exercised all the ruling authority of the first beast on his behalf, and made the earth and those who inhabit it worship the first beast, the one whose lethal wound had been healed. 13 He performed momentous signs, even making fire come down from heaven to earth in front of people 14 and, by the signs he was permitted to perform on behalf of the beast, he deceived those who live on the earth. He told those who live on the earth to make an image to the beast who had been wounded by the sword, but still lived. 15 The second beast was empowered to give life to the image of the first beast so that it could speak, and could cause all those who did not worship the image of the beast to be killed.⁠ 16 He also caused everyone (small and great, rich and poor, free and slave) to obtain a mark on their right hand or on their forehead.⁠ 17 Thus no one was allowed to buy or sell things unless he bore the mark of the beast—that is, his name or his number.⁠ 18 This calls for wisdom: Let the one who has insight calculate the beast’s number, for it is man’s number, and his number is 666.⁠

Texts in conversation

Behemoth and Leviathan in 2 Baruch 29 and Revelation 13

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · New Testament

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Summary

2 Baruch describes the end of the age through global turmoil, the coming of the messiah, and the emergence of Behemoth and Leviathan from the land and sea. Revelation follows this pattern, portraying a mythological monster rising up from the sea.

Passages

2 Baruch 29:3

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch
1 And He answered and said to me: ‘Whatever will then happen will happen to the whole earth; therefore all who live will experience them. 2 For at that time I will protect only those who are found in those self-same days in this land. 3 And it shall come to pass when all is accomplished that was to come to pass in those parts, that the Messiah shall then begin to be revealed. 4 And Behemoth shall be revealed from his place and Leviathan shall ascend from the sea, those two great monsters which I created on the fifth day of creation, and have kept until that time; and then they shall be for food for all that are left. 5 The earth also shall yield its fruit ten thousandfold and on each vine there shall be a thousand branches, and each branch shall produce a thousand clusters, and each cluster produce a thousand grapes, and each grape produce a cor of wine.
70–135 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Baruch

Revelation 13:1

New Testament
1 Then I saw a beast coming up out of the sea. It had ten horns and seven heads, and on its horns were ten diadem crowns, and on its heads a blasphemous name. 2 Now the beast that I saw was like a leopard, but its feet were like a bear’s, and its mouth was like a lion’s mouth. The dragon gave the beast his power, his throne, and great authority to rule. 3 One of the beast’s heads appeared to have been killed, but the lethal wound had been healed. And the whole world followed the beast in amazement; 4 they worshiped the dragon because he had given ruling authority to the beast, and they worshiped the beast too, saying: “Who is like the beast?” and “Who is able to make war against him?”
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... this expectation of historical reversal is part of a larger hope involving a step by step crescendo of events. A terrible judgment upon the world is in the offing. Before the eyes of all, the messiah will then come, and paradise on earth be established. Finally, God will judge the living and the dead, the righteous will share in God's splendor, and the wicked be consigned to perdition. The same set of expectations is found in 4 Ezra and Revelation, two other apocalypses from the end of the first century CE ..."
John F. Hobbins, “The Summing up of History in 2 Baruch,” JQR 89.1–2 (1998): 45–79.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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2 Baruch 29:3 and Revelation 13:1

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