Go to Related Reading
About this book

Revelation

About this book
Chapter 11

1 Then a measuring rod like a staff was given to me, and I was told, “Get up and measure the temple of God, and the altar, and the ones who worship there. 2 But do not measure the outer courtyard of the temple; leave it out because it has been given to the Gentiles, and they will trample on the holy city for forty-two months.⁠ 3 And I will grant my two witnesses authority to prophesy⁠ for 1,260 days, dressed in sackcloth.” 4 (These are the two olive trees and the two lampstands that stand before the Lord of the earth.)⁠ 5 If anyone wants to harm them, fire comes out of their mouths and completely consumes their enemies. If anyone wants to harm them, they must be killed this way. 6 These two have the power to close up the sky so that it does not rain during the time they are prophesying. They have power to turn the waters to blood and to strike the earth with every kind of plague whenever they want. 7 When they have completed their testimony, the beast that comes up from the abyss will make war on them and conquer them and kill them. 8 Their corpses will lie in the street of the great city that is symbolically called Sodom and Egypt, where their Lord was also crucified. 9 For three and a half days those from every people, tribe, nation, and language will look at their corpses because they will not permit them to be placed in a tomb. 10 And those who live on the earth will rejoice over them and celebrate, even sending gifts to each other because these two prophets had tormented those who live on the earth. 11 But after three and a half days a breath of life from God entered them, and they stood on their feet, and tremendous fear seized those who were watching them. 12 Then they heard a loud voice from heaven saying to them: “Come up here!” So the two prophets went up to heaven in a cloud while their enemies stared at them. 13 Just then a major earthquake took place and a tenth of the city collapsed; seven thousand people were killed in the earthquake, and the rest were terrified and gave glory to the God of heaven. 14 The second woe has come and gone; the third is coming quickly. 15 Then the seventh angel blew his trumpet, and there were loud voices in heaven saying: “The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Christ, and he will reign for ever and ever.”⁠ 16 Then the twenty-four elders who are seated on their thrones before God threw themselves down with their faces to the ground and worshiped God 17 with these words: “We give you thanks, Lord God, the All-Powerful, the one who is and who was, because you have taken your great power and begun to reign. 18 The nations were enraged, but your wrath has come, and the time has come for the dead to be judged, and the time has come to give to your servants, the prophets, their reward, as well as to the saints and to those who revere your name, both small and great, and the time has come to destroy those who destroy the earth.” 19 Then the temple of God in heaven was opened,⁠ and the ark of his covenant was visible within his temple.⁠ And there were flashes of lightning, roaring, crashes of thunder, an earthquake, and a great hailstorm.⁠

Texts in conversation

How Revelation Echoes the Seventh Plague of Exodus

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

Share:

Summary

Revelation’s vision of hail and fire recalls the seventh plague in Exodus, where hail devastated Egypt. Both describe hail as a destructive force used for divine judgment, suggesting that the apocalyptic scene is depicted as part of a second Exodus.

Passages

Exodus 9:24

Hebrew Bible
23 When Moses extended his staff toward the sky, the Lord sent thunder and hail, and fire fell to the earth; so the Lord caused hail to rain down on the land of Egypt. 24 Hail fell and fire mingled with the hail; the hail was so severe that there had not been any like it in all the land of Egypt since it had become a nation. 25 The hail struck everything in the open fields, both people and animals, throughout all the land of Egypt. The hail struck everything that grows in the field, and it broke all the trees of the field to pieces.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Revelation 11:19

New Testament
18 The nations were enraged, but your wrath has come, and the time has come for the dead to be judged, and the time has come to give to your servants, the prophets, their reward, as well as to the saints and to those who revere your name, both small and great, and the time has come to destroy those who destroy the earth.” 19 Then the temple of God in heaven was opened, and the ark of his covenant was visible within his temple. And there were flashes of lightning, roaring, crashes of thunder, an earthquake, and a great hailstorm.
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... The seventh plague in Exodus 9:13–35 consisted of thunder, hail, and lightning, with “heavy hail, such as had never been in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation” (Exodus 9:24 [RSV]; compare Psalm 105:32–33; Josephus Antiquities 2.305). Hail is sometimes mentioned as a divine means of punishment: Joshua 10:11 narrates the punitive miracle of huge hailstones, which the Lord “threw down” from heaven on the Amorites and killed large numbers of them (see Isaiah 28:17; Ezekiel 38:22; Haggai 2:17; Job 38:22–23; Psalm 78:47; Sibylline Oracles 3.691). If people are struck by such heavy objects, death appears inevitable, though that does not seem to be the result envisaged here (see verse 21b). While hailstorms were not considered unusual in northern Mediterranean countries (Ovid Metam. 5.158), unusual hail was regarded by the Romans as a prodigy indicating a disruption in relations with the gods requiring diagnosis and reparation ..."
David Aune, Word Biblical Commentary: Revelation 6-16 (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2017), 1103.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Exodus 9:24 and Revelation 11:19

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library