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About this book

Revelation

About this book
Chapter 1

1 The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show his servants what must happen very soon. He made it clear by sending his angel to his servant John, 2 who then testified to everything that he saw concerning the word of God and the testimony about Jesus Christ. 3 Blessed is the one who reads the words of this prophecy aloud, and blessed are those who hear and obey the things written in it, because the time is near! 4 From John, to the seven churches that are in the province of Asia: Grace and peace to you from “he who is,” and who was, and who is still to come, and from the seven spirits who are before his throne,⁠ 5 and from Jesus Christ—the faithful witness, the firstborn from among the dead, the ruler over the kings of the earth.⁠ To the one who loves us and has set us free from our sins at the cost of his own blood 6 and has appointed us as a kingdom, as priests serving his God and Father—to him be the glory and the power for ever and ever! Amen. 7 (Look! He is returning with the clouds,⁠ and every eye will see him, even those who pierced him, and all the tribes on the earth will mourn because of him. This will certainly come to pass! Amen.) 8 “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God—the one who is, and who was, and who is still to come—the All-Powerful! 9 I, John, your brother and the one who shares with you in the persecution, kingdom, and endurance that are in Jesus, was on the island called Patmos because of the word of God and the testimony about Jesus. 10 I was in the Spirit on the Lord’s Day⁠ when I heard behind me a loud voice like a trumpet, 11 saying: “Write in a book what you see and send it to the seven churches—to⁠ Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea.” 12 I turned to see whose voice was speaking to me, and when I did so, I saw seven golden lampstands, 13 and in the midst of the lampstands was one like a son of man. He was dressed in a robe extending down to his feet, and he wore a wide golden belt around his chest.⁠ 14 His head and hair were as white as wool, even as white as snow, and his eyes were like a fiery flame.⁠ 15 His feet were like polished bronze refined in a furnace,⁠ and his voice was like the roar of many waters.⁠ 16 He held seven stars in his right hand,⁠ and a sharp double-edged sword extended out of his mouth.⁠ His face shone like the sun shining at full strength. 17 When I saw him I fell down at his feet as though I were dead, but he placed his right hand on me and said: “Do not be afraid! I am the first and the last,⁠ 18 and the one who lives! I was dead, but look, now I am alive—forever and ever—and I hold the keys of death and of Hades! 19 Therefore write what you saw, what is, and what will be after these things. 20 The mystery of the seven stars that you saw in my right hand and the seven golden lampstands is this: The seven stars are the angels of the seven churches, and the seven lampstands are the seven churches.

Texts in conversation

Compare Tobit 12:15 and Revelation 1:4

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

In Revelation, greetings are sent from the seven spirits in front of God’s throne, an image that may reflect the description of angels in texts such as Tobit, where Raphael identifies himself as one of seven angels who stand in God’s presence.

Passages

Tobit 12:15

Deuterocanon
12 And now, when you did pray and Sarah, I did bring the memorial of your prayer before the glory of the Lord: and when you did bury the dead, likewise. 13 And when you did not delay to rise up, and leave your dinner, but did go and cover the dead, 14 then I was sent to you to try you; and at the same time God did send me also to heal Sarah your daughter-in-law. 15 I am Raphael, one of the seven angels, which stand and enter before the glory of the Lord. 16 And they were both troubled, and fell upon their faces; and they were afraid. 17 And he said to them, Do not be afraid, peace be to you; bless God to all eternity.
225–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Tobit

Revelation 1:4

New Testament
1 The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show his servants what must happen very soon. He made it clear by sending his angel to his servant John, 2 who then testified to everything that he saw concerning the word of God and the testimony about Jesus Christ. 3 Blessed is the one who reads the words of this prophecy aloud, and blessed are those who hear and obey the things written in it, because the time is near! 4 From John, to the seven churches that are in the province of Asia: Grace and peace to you from “he who is,” and who was, and who is still to come, and from the seven spirits who are before his throne, 5 and from Jesus Christ—the faithful witness, the firstborn from among the dead, the ruler over the kings of the earth. To the one who loves us and has set us free from our sins at the cost of his own blood 6 and has appointed us as a kingdom, as priests serving his God and Father—to him be the glory and the power for ever and ever! Amen.
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... After his ceremonial introduction, Raphael claims that he is one of the seven angels who are in front of God’s glory. The image of God’s throne surrounded by angelic beings appears already in the Old Testament. It suffices here to evoke two prophetic commission narratives: in Isaiah, God’s throne is surrounded by seraphim (Isaiah 6:2–7), while in Ezekiel the reader is given the additional information that there are four beings around the throne-chariot of God (Ezekiel 1:4–25). Along with the differentiation of the angelic world within early Judaism, we can also observe the development of more prominent angelic figures. Sometimes they appear individually, at other times in a group of four or seven. For the number four, the model is evidently Ezekiel. For the number seven, the motivation might be that it is a perfect number. The appearance and naming of the tetrade in the Book of the Watchers is of great significance. When they first appear, they look upon the created world from a (heavenly) sanctuary (1 Enoch 9:1–2), which shows that their role is primarily a cultic one: “And then Michael, Sariel, Raphael, and Gabriel looked down from the sanctuary of heaven and saw much blood being shed upon the earth, and all lawlessness being wrought upon the earth ..."
Géza G. Xeravits, The Angel’s Self-Revelation in Tobit 12 (Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism, 2017), 1399–1417.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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  • Also please reference Enoch 19

    John Bigelow, January 4, 2025

Tobit 12:15 and Revelation 1:4

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