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About this book

Revelation

About this book
Chapter 1

1 The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show his servants what must happen very soon. He made it clear by sending his angel to his servant John, 2 who then testified to everything that he saw concerning the word of God and the testimony about Jesus Christ. 3 Blessed is the one who reads the words of this prophecy aloud, and blessed are those who hear and obey the things written in it, because the time is near! 4 From John, to the seven churches that are in the province of Asia: Grace and peace to you from “he who is,” and who was, and who is still to come, and from the seven spirits who are before his throne,⁠ 5 and from Jesus Christ—the faithful witness, the firstborn from among the dead, the ruler over the kings of the earth.⁠ To the one who loves us and has set us free from our sins at the cost of his own blood 6 and has appointed us as a kingdom, as priests serving his God and Father—to him be the glory and the power for ever and ever! Amen. 7 (Look! He is returning with the clouds,⁠ and every eye will see him, even those who pierced him, and all the tribes on the earth will mourn because of him. This will certainly come to pass! Amen.) 8 “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God—the one who is, and who was, and who is still to come—the All-Powerful! 9 I, John, your brother and the one who shares with you in the persecution, kingdom, and endurance that are in Jesus, was on the island called Patmos because of the word of God and the testimony about Jesus. 10 I was in the Spirit on the Lord’s Day⁠ when I heard behind me a loud voice like a trumpet, 11 saying: “Write in a book what you see and send it to the seven churches—to⁠ Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea.” 12 I turned to see whose voice was speaking to me, and when I did so, I saw seven golden lampstands, 13 and in the midst of the lampstands was one like a son of man. He was dressed in a robe extending down to his feet, and he wore a wide golden belt around his chest.⁠ 14 His head and hair were as white as wool, even as white as snow, and his eyes were like a fiery flame.⁠ 15 His feet were like polished bronze refined in a furnace,⁠ and his voice was like the roar of many waters.⁠ 16 He held seven stars in his right hand,⁠ and a sharp double-edged sword extended out of his mouth.⁠ His face shone like the sun shining at full strength. 17 When I saw him I fell down at his feet as though I were dead, but he placed his right hand on me and said: “Do not be afraid! I am the first and the last,⁠ 18 and the one who lives! I was dead, but look, now I am alive—forever and ever—and I hold the keys of death and of Hades! 19 Therefore write what you saw, what is, and what will be after these things. 20 The mystery of the seven stars that you saw in my right hand and the seven golden lampstands is this: The seven stars are the angels of the seven churches, and the seven lampstands are the seven churches.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 44:6 and Revelation 1:17

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Isaiah 44 portrays God as Israel’s protector and only ruler, using a title that underscores divine uniqueness. Revelation applies the same title to Jesus, connecting it with themes of resurrection and authority over creation.

Passages

Isaiah 44:6

Hebrew Bible
4 They will sprout up like a tree in the grass, like poplars beside channels of water. 5 One will say, ‘I belong to the Lord,’ and another will use the name ‘Jacob.’ One will write on his hand, ‘The Lord’s,’ and use the name ‘Israel.’” 6 This is what the Lord, Israel’s King, says, their Protector, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies: “I am the first and I am the last, there is no God but me. 7 Who is like me? Let him make his claim! Let him announce it and explain it to me—since I established an ancient people— let them announce future events. 8 Don’t panic! Don’t be afraid! Did I not tell you beforehand and decree it? You are my witnesses! Is there any God but me? There is no other sheltering rock; I know of none.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Revelation 1:17

New Testament
15 His feet were like polished bronze refined in a furnace, and his voice was like the roar of many waters. 16 He held seven stars in his right hand, and a sharp double-edged sword extended out of his mouth. His face shone like the sun shining at full strength. 17 When I saw him I fell down at his feet as though I were dead, but he placed his right hand on me and said: “Do not be afraid! I am the first and the last, 18 and the one who lives! I was dead, but look, now I am alive—forever and ever—and I hold the keys of death and of Hades! 19 Therefore write what you saw, what is, and what will be after these things.
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... The threat of persecution and the promise of vindication shape John’s message also in Revelation (see Revelation, Book of). The death of believers for their witness (martyria) to Christ has already occurred, and for others it will occur (Revelation 2:10, 13; 6:9–11; 12:11; 17:6; 20:4). The book is introduced with a vision of the risen Christ, “the first and the last and the living one” (Revelation 1:18; compare Revelation 2:8). Since “the first and the last” is a title of God in Isaiah 44:6 and Isaiah 48:12 (compare Revelation 1:8; 21:6), the resurrection points to Christ’s participation in the eternal being of God and his rule over creation (Bauckham 1993 Theology, 54–58). More specific references to resurrection indicate the centrality of this theme in John’s thought. Jesus is introduced as “the firstborn from the dead and the ruler of the kings of the earth” (Revelation 1:5). This phrase combines the idea that Christ pioneered for others the way to resurrection (compare Colossians 1:18; “firstfruits” in 1 Corinthians 15:20) with the language of Psalm 89:27, where the Davidic king is described as “my firstborn, the highest of the kings of the earth.” By virtue of his resurrection Jesus is already establishing God’s rule over earthly powers (compare Revelation 5:3–5) ..."
Ralph P. Martin and Peter H. Davids, eds., Dictionary of the Later New Testament & Its Developments (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1997), 1451.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 44:6 and Revelation 1:17

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