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Revelation

About this book
Chapter 1

1 The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show his servants what must happen very soon. He made it clear by sending his angel to his servant John, 2 who then testified to everything that he saw concerning the word of God and the testimony about Jesus Christ. 3 Blessed is the one who reads the words of this prophecy aloud, and blessed are those who hear and obey the things written in it, because the time is near! 4 From John, to the seven churches that are in the province of Asia: Grace and peace to you from “he who is,” and who was, and who is still to come, and from the seven spirits who are before his throne,⁠ 5 and from Jesus Christ—the faithful witness, the firstborn from among the dead, the ruler over the kings of the earth.⁠ To the one who loves us and has set us free from our sins at the cost of his own blood 6 and has appointed us as a kingdom, as priests serving his God and Father—to him be the glory and the power for ever and ever! Amen. 7 (Look! He is returning with the clouds,⁠ and every eye will see him, even those who pierced him, and all the tribes on the earth will mourn because of him. This will certainly come to pass! Amen.) 8 “I am the Alpha and the Omega,” says the Lord God—the one who is, and who was, and who is still to come—the All-Powerful! 9 I, John, your brother and the one who shares with you in the persecution, kingdom, and endurance that are in Jesus, was on the island called Patmos because of the word of God and the testimony about Jesus. 10 I was in the Spirit on the Lord’s Day⁠ when I heard behind me a loud voice like a trumpet, 11 saying: “Write in a book what you see and send it to the seven churches—to⁠ Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia, and Laodicea.” 12 I turned to see whose voice was speaking to me, and when I did so, I saw seven golden lampstands, 13 and in the midst of the lampstands was one like a son of man. He was dressed in a robe extending down to his feet, and he wore a wide golden belt around his chest.⁠ 14 His head and hair were as white as wool, even as white as snow, and his eyes were like a fiery flame.⁠ 15 His feet were like polished bronze refined in a furnace,⁠ and his voice was like the roar of many waters.⁠ 16 He held seven stars in his right hand,⁠ and a sharp double-edged sword extended out of his mouth.⁠ His face shone like the sun shining at full strength. 17 When I saw him I fell down at his feet as though I were dead, but he placed his right hand on me and said: “Do not be afraid! I am the first and the last,⁠ 18 and the one who lives! I was dead, but look, now I am alive—forever and ever—and I hold the keys of death and of Hades! 19 Therefore write what you saw, what is, and what will be after these things. 20 The mystery of the seven stars that you saw in my right hand and the seven golden lampstands is this: The seven stars are the angels of the seven churches, and the seven lampstands are the seven churches.

Texts in conversation

Compare Job 38:31 and Revelation 1:16

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

In Job 38, God asks Job if he can tie the bands of the Pleiades, a cluster of seven stars, to show God's power over the heavens. In Revelation, Jesus holds seven stars in his right hand, an image that may refer to the Pleiades and show similar power.

Passages

Job 38:31

Hebrew Bible
31 Can you tie the bands of the Pleiades or release the cords of Orion? 32 Can you lead out the constellations in their seasons or guide the Bear with its cubs? 33 Do you know the laws of the heavens, or can you set up their rule over the earth?
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

Revelation 1:16

New Testament
12 I turned to see whose voice was speaking to me, and when I did so, I saw seven golden lampstands, 13 and in the midst of the lampstands was one like a son of man. He was dressed in a robe extending down to his feet, and he wore a wide golden belt around his chest. 14 His head and hair were as white as wool, even as white as snow, and his eyes were like a fiery flame. 15 His feet were like polished bronze refined in a furnace, and his voice was like the roar of many waters. 16 He held seven stars in his right hand, and a sharp double-edged sword extended out of his mouth. His face shone like the sun shining at full strength.
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

“... According to ancient sidereal lore, seven stars could represent (1) the seven planets, (2) Ursus Major (a constellation with seven stars), or (3) the Pleiades (another constellation of seven stars); each of these possibilities requires a short discussion. [...] (3) In addition, since there are seven stars in the constellation Pleiades, this sidereal group could be alluded to (Malina, Revelation, 70). This constellation was apparently known to the author of Job 38:31, where the Hebrew term [...] kîmâ refers to “das Siebengestirn,” i.e., Pleiades (KB3, 450). ...”
David E. Aune, Word Biblical Commentary: Revelation 1-5 (Dallas: Word, 2008), 334–335.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Job 38:31 and Revelation 1:16

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