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Biblical Antiquities

About this book

From Abraham in Canaan to Israel in Egypt

Chapter 8

1 But Abram went out from there and lived in the land of Canaan, taking with him Lot his brother’s son and Sarai his wife. Because Sarai was barren and had no children, Abram took Hagar her maid, and she bore him Ishmael. And Ishmael fathered 12 sons. 2 Then Lot left Abram and lived in Sodom, but Abram lived in the land of Ham. The men of Sodom were very evil and exceedingly sinful. 3 God appeared to Abraham, saying, “To your offspring I will give this land; and your name will be called Abraham, and Sarai your wife will be called Sara. I will give you from her offspring that will endure forever, and I will make my covenant with you.” Abraham knew his wife Sara, and she conceived and bore Isaac. 4 Isaac took a wife from Mesopotamia, the daughter of Bathuel, who conceived and bore him Esau and Jacob. 5 Esau took as wives Judin the daughter of Bereu, Basemath the daughter of Elon, Elibema the daughter of Anan, and Manem the daughter of Samahel. Basemath bore him Adelifan, and the sons of Adelifan were Temar, Omar, Seffor, Getan, Tenaz, and Amalec. Judin bore Tenacis, Ieruebemas, Bassemen, and Rugil; and the sons of Rugil were Naizar and Samaza. Elibema bore Auz, Iollam, and Coro. Manem bore Tenetde and Thenatela. 6 Jacob took as wives the daughters of Laban the Syrian, Lia and Rachel, and two concubines, Bala and Zelpha. Lia bore him Ruben, Simeon, Levi, Juda, Isachar, Zabulon, and Dina their sister. Rachel bore Joseph and Benjamin. Bala bore Dan and Neptalim, and Zelpha bore Gad and Aser. These are the 12 sons of Jacob and one daughter. 7 Jacob lived in the land of Canaan, and Sichem the son of Emor the Correan forced his daughter Dina and violated her. Simeon and Levi the sons of Jacob went in and killed all their city with the edge of the sword, and took Dina their sister,⁠ and went out from there. 8 Afterward Job took her as his wife and fathered by her 14 sons and 6 daughters, that is, 7 sons and 3 daughters before he was struck with affliction, and afterward, when he was made whole, 7 sons and 3 daughters. These are their names: Eliphac, Erinoe, Diasat, Philias, Diffar, Zellud, Thelon; and his daughters Meru, Litaz, Zeli. And the names of the later children were the same as those of the former. 9 Now Jacob and his 12 sons lived in the land of Canaan, and his sons hated their brother Joseph, whom they handed over into Egypt, to Petephres the chief of Pharaoh’s cooks, and he stayed with him 14 years. 10 After the king of Egypt had seen a dream, they told him about Joseph, and Joseph explained the dreams to him. And after he explained his dreams, Pharaoh made him prince over all the land of Egypt. At that time there was a famine in all the land, as Joseph had foreseen. His brothers came down into Egypt to buy food, because there was food only in Egypt. Joseph recognized his brothers and made himself known to them, and he did not deal harshly with them. He sent and called his father out of the land of Canaan, and he came down to him. 11 These are the names of the sons of Israel who came down into Egypt with Jacob, each with his household. The sons of Reuben: Enoch, Phallud, Esrom, and Carmin. The sons of Simeon: Namuhel, Iamin, Dot, Iachin, and Saul the son of a Canaanite woman. The sons of Levi: Gerson, Caat, and Merari. The sons of Juda: Auna, Selon, Phares, and Zerami. The sons of Isachar: Tola, Phua, Job, and Sombram. The sons of Zabulon: Sarelon and Iaillil. And Dina their sister bore 14 sons and 6 daughters. These are the generations of Lia, whom she bore to Jacob. All the souls of sons and daughters were 72. 12 The sons of Dan: Usinam. The sons of Neptalim: Betaal, Neemmu, Surem, Optisariel. These are the generations of Balla, which she bore to Jacob. All the souls were 8. 13 The sons of Gad: Sariel, Sua, Visui, Mophat, and Sar; their sister, the daughter of Seriebel, Melchiel. These are the generations of Zelpha the wife of Jacob, which she bore to him. All the souls of sons and daughters were 10 in number. 14 The sons of Joseph: Ephraim and Manassen. And Benjamin fathered Gela, Esbel, Abocmephec, and Utundeus. These were the souls that Rachel bore to Jacob, 14. And they went down into Egypt and stayed there 210 years.

Texts in conversation

Compare Pseudo Philo, Biblical Antiquities 8:8 and Genesis Rabbah 57

Classical · Rabbinic

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Summary

Pseudo-Philo and Rabbinic tradition in Genesis Rabbah say that Dinah, after returning from Shechem, becomes Job's wife. This fills a narrative gap left by the Hebrew Bible, which is silent about Dinah’s later life and vague about Job’s background.

Passages

Pseudo Philo, Biblical Antiquities 8:8

Classical
7 Jacob lived in the land of Canaan, and Sichem the son of Emor the Correan forced his daughter Dina and violated her. Simeon and Levi the sons of Jacob went in and killed all their city with the edge of the sword, and took Dina their sister, and went out from there. 8 Afterward Job took her as his wife and fathered by her 14 sons and 6 daughters, that is, 7 sons and 3 daughters before he was struck with affliction, and afterward, when he was made whole, 7 sons and 3 daughters. These are their names: Eliphac, Erinoe, Diasat, Philias, Diffar, Zellud, Thelon; and his daughters Meru, Litaz, Zeli. And the names of the later children were the same as those of the former.
1–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Pseudo Philo, Biblical Antiquities

Genesis Rabbah 57

Rabbinic · Aggadah
The Holy One blessed be He said to him: ‘You need not [fear], the one who will experience it [suffering] has already been born. “Utz his firstborn, and Buz his brother.”’ When did Job live? Reish Lakish said in the name of bar Kappara: He lived in the days of Abraham, as it is stated: “Utz his firstborn” and it is written: “There was a man in the land of Utz, Job was his name” (Job 1:1). Rabbi Yaakov bar Kahana said: He lived in the days of Jacob, as Rabbi Abba bar Kahana said: Dina was Job’s wife, as it is written regarding Job’s wife: “You are speaking like one of the disgraceful women [hanevalot] speak,” (Job 2:10), and it is written in Dina’s regard: “For he had committed an outrage [nevala] in Israel” (Genesis 34:7). Rabbi Levi said: He lived in the days of the Tribes. That is what is written: “[This I have seen, and I shall tell of it,] that wise men speak up and do not withhold from their fathers” (Job 15:17–18) – this refers to Reuben and Judah. What reward did they receive for this? “To them alone the land was given” (Job 15:19).
500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis Rabbah

References

"... The later life of Dinah is passed over in silence. We catch not the slightest glimpse of her in Jacob's household during the long story of Joseph, and while her name is mentioned once more, in passing, in a list of Jacob's descendants (Genesis 46:15), she apparently did not join her father and brothers in going down to Egypt. What became of her? A number of early sources suggest that Dinah became the wife of Job, the central figure of the biblical book bearing his name. For although that book mentions the fact that Job had a wife, it does not say what her name was. This was just the sort of blank that early interpreters were anxious to fill, especially when they could do so by 'borrowing' a name or a character from somewhere else. Now while the book of Job does not say when Job lived, Genesis 36:33 mentions a certain 'Jobab' among the descendants of Jacob's brother, Esau. If 'Jobab' was another form of the name Job, then Job might have been around - and looking for a wife - at precisely the time when Dinah was returned from Shechem to her father's house ..."
James L. Kugel, The Bible as It Was (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 243–244.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Pseudo Philo, Biblical Antiquities 8:8 and Genesis Rabbah 57

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