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Pseudo Jonathan Genesis

About this book
Chapter 9

1 God blessed Noah and his sons, and said to them, 'Increase and multiply and fill the earth.' 2 The fear of you and the dread of you shall be upon every beast of the earth, and upon every bird of the heavens, on everything with which the earth swarms, and on all the fish of the sea; into your hand they shall be delivered. 3 Every moving thing that lives shall be yours for food; like the green plants, I have given all these to you. 4 But flesh that has been torn from a living beast while its life is still in it, or that has been torn from a slaughtered animal before all its breath has gone forth, you shall not eat. 5 Moreover, for your lifeblood I will require a reckoning; of every beast that kills a man I will require it, so that it be killed on his account. Of man, too, of the man who sheds his brother’s blood, I will demand the life of man. 6 Whoever sheds the blood of man in the presence of witnesses, the judges shall condemn him to death; but whoever sheds it without witnesses, the Lord of the world will take revenge on him on the day of the great judgment, because in the likeness of God he has made man. 7 And you, increase and multiply; reproduce on the earth and multiply on it. 8 And God said to Noah and to his sons with him, 9 'As for me, behold, I establish my covenant with you and with your children after you, 10 and with every living thing that is with you— birds, and cattle, and every beast of the earth that is with you— all that came out of the ark, every beast of the earth. 11 I will establish my covenant with you, and never again will all flesh be blotted out by the waters of the flood, and never again shall there be a flood to destroy the earth.' 12 And God said: 'This is the sign of the covenant which I am establishing between my Memra and you, and every living thing that is with you, for eternal generations.' 13 'I have set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between my Memra and the earth.' 14 'When I spread clouds of Glory over the earth, the bow shall be seen in the daytime, as long as the sun has not sunk in the cloud,' 15 'and I will remember my covenant which is between my Memra and you and every living thing of all flesh, and the waters shall never again become a flood to destroy all flesh.' 16 'The bow will be in the cloud, and I will see it and remember the eternal covenant between the Memra of God and every living thing of all flesh that is upon the earth.' 17 And God said to Noah: 'This is the sign of the covenant which I have established between my Memra and the Memra of all flesh that is upon the earth.' 18 The sons of Noah who went out of the ark were Shem, Ham, and Japheth. Ham is the father of Canaan. 19 These three were the sons of Noah, and from them the peoples were scattered abroad to dwell in all the earth. 20 Noah began to be a man tilling the earth. And he found a vine which the river had brought from the garden of Eden, and he planted it in order to have a vineyard. That same day it sprouted and ripened grapes, and he pressed them. 21 He drank of the wine and became drunk, and he uncovered himself within his tent. 22 Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father’s nakedness and told his two brothers in the street. 23 But Shem and Japheth took a mantle, placed it on both their shoulders, and going backwards, covered their father’s nakedness; their faces were turned away so that they did not see their father’s nakedness. 24 When Noah awoke from his wine, he knew by being told in a dream what had been done to him by Ham his son,⁠ who was slight in merit because he was the cause of his not begetting a fourth son. 25 And he said, 'Cursed be Canaan, who is his fourth son. A slave reduced to slavery shall he be to his brothers.' 26 He said, 'Blessed be the Lord, the God of Shem, whose conduct was righteous; therefore Canaan shall be his servant.' 27 'May God adorn the borders of Japheth. May his sons become proselytes and dwell in the schoolhouse of Shem; and let Canaan be a slave to them.' 28 Noah lived three hundred and fifty years after the flood. 29 And all the days of Noah were nine hundred and fifty years; and he died.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 9:24 and Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 9:24

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

In Genesis 9, Noah reacts to something done to him while drunk, though the story never says how he learned what happened to him. The Aramaic translation in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan fills in this narrative gap by saying it was revealed to him in a dream.

Passages

Genesis 9:24

Hebrew Bible
23 Shem and Japheth took the garment and placed it on their shoulders. Then they walked in backwards and covered up their father’s nakedness. Their faces were turned the other way so they did not see their father’s nakedness. 24 When Noah awoke from his drunken stupor he learned what his youngest son had done to him. 25 So he said, “Cursed be Canaan! The lowest of slaves he will be to his brothers.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 9:24

Targum
23 But Shem and Japheth took a mantle, placed it on both their shoulders, and going backwards, covered their father’s nakedness; their faces were turned away so that they did not see their father’s nakedness. 24 When Noah awoke from his wine, he knew by being told in a dream what had been done to him by Ham his son, who was slight in merit because he was the cause of his not begetting a fourth son. 25 And he said, 'Cursed be Canaan, who is his fourth son. A slave reduced to slavery shall he be to his brothers.'
300–1200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Pseudo Jonathan Genesis

References

"... Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, alone among the Targums, explains how Noah could have known what had happened to him when he was drunk. The source of Pseudo-Jonathan’s addition is not known. Pseudo-Jonathan sometimes tells how hidden things were revealed to different people (compare Exodus 1:15; 32:20, 28; Numbers 31:18; Deuteronomy 21:8). ..."
Michael Maher, Targum Pseudo-Jonathan: Genesis, ArBib 1B (Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1992), 46.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 9:24 and Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 9:24

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