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Pseudo Jonathan Genesis

About this book
Chapter 41

1 At the end of two years the remembrance of Joseph came before the Memra of the Lord: Pharaoh had a dream and behold, he was standing by the river 2 And behold, seven cows, beautiful to look at and fat of flesh, came up from the river, and they were grazing among the reeds 3 And behold, seven other cows, ugly to look at and lean in their flesh, came up from the river after them and stood opposite the other cows on the bank of the river 4 And the cows that were ugly to look at and lean in their flesh ate up the seven cows that were beautiful to look at and fat And Pharaoh awoke from his sleep 5 He fell asleep and saw a dream a second time, and behold, seven ears of grain, fat and good, grew on one stalk 6 And behold, seven ears, blighted, and beaten by the east wind, sprouted after them 7 And the blighted ears swallowed up the seven fat and full ears And Pharaoh awoke, and behold it was a dream 8 In the morning his spirit was troubled, and he sent and called all the sorcerers of Egypt and all its wise men; and Pharaoh told them his dream But no one was able to interpret it for Pharaoh for it had been so arranged from before the Lord, since the time had come for Joseph to leave the prison 9 And the chief cup-bearer spoke before Pharaoh, saying, 'I remember my faults today' 10 It was arranged from before the Lord that Pharaoh was angry with his servants, and he put me in custody in the house of the chief executioner, me and the chief baker 11 And we dreamed a dream on the same night, he and I; each of us dreamed his own dream and the interpretation of his companion's dream 12 There with us was a Hebrew youth, a servant of the chief executioner We told him our dream and he interpreted it for us, giving to each an interpretation corresponding to his dream 13 And as he interpreted for us, so it came to pass; me he restored by his word to my usual ministry, and him he hanged 14 Pharaoh sent and called Joseph, who was quickly taken from the prison He cut his hair and changed his clothes, and came before Pharaoh 15 And Pharaoh said to Joseph, 'I have dreamed a dream, and there is no one to interpret it; and I have heard it said about you that if you hear a dream, you can interpret it' 16 Joseph replied to Pharaoh, saying, 'Not I There is no one who can interpret dreams; but from before the Lord a reply will be given concerning the welfare of Pharaoh' 17 And Pharaoh spoke to Joseph, saying, 'I saw in my dream, and behold, I was standing on the bank of the river 18 and behold, seven cows, fat of flesh and beautiful to look at, came up from the river, and they were pasturing among the reeds 19 And behold, seven other cows, wretched and very ugly to look at, and lean in their flesh, came up after them I have never seen the likes of them for ugliness in all the land of Egypt 20 The wretched and ugly cows ate up the first seven fat cows 21 They entered their belly, but no one knew that they entered their belly, for their appearance was as ugly as before And I awoke 22 And I saw in my dream, and behold, seven ears of grain, full and good, grew on one stalk 23 And behold, seven ears, shriveled, blighted, and beaten by the east wind, sprouted after them 24 And the blighted ears swallowed the seven good ears, and I told the sorcerers, but there was no one to explain it to me 25 Joseph said to Pharaoh, 'The dream of Pharaoh is one The Lord has told Pharaoh what he is about to do 26 The seven good cows announce seven years, and the seven good ears announce these seven years; it is one dream 27 The seven emaciated and ugly cows that came up after them announce seven other years, and the seven ears, blighted and beaten by the east wind, announce this: that there will be seven years of famine 28 It is just as I have spoken to Pharaoh: the Lord has shown Pharaoh what he is about to do 29 Behold, seven years of great abundance are coming in all the land of Egypt 30 But after them will arise seven years of famine, and all the abundance that was in the land of Egypt will be forgotten, and the famine will blot out the inhabitants of the land 31 The abundance that was in the land will be unknown because of that famine which will come afterwards, because it will be very severe 32 The fact that the dream was communicated to Pharaoh twice means that the matter was determined from before the Lord, and the Lord hastens to do it 33 And now, let Pharaoh seek out an intelligent and wise man, and appoint him over the land of Egypt 34 Let Pharaoh take action and appoint administrators over the land, and let them take a fifth of all the corn of the land of Egypt during the seven years of abundance 35 Let them gather all the corn of these good years that are coming, and let them store the corn under the authority of Pharaoh's administrators, and let them put the corn in the cities and keep it 36 Let the corn be reserved in the caves in the land to provide food during the seven years of famine that will be in the land of Egypt, so that the people of the land may not be wiped out by the famine 37 The proposal seemed good before Pharaoh and before all his servants 38 And Pharaoh said to his servants, 'Could we find a man like this in whom there is the spirit of prophecy from before the Lord' 39 Then Pharaoh said to Joseph, 'Since the Lord has made all this known to you, there is no one as intelligent and as wise as you 40 You shall be administrator over my house, and by the decree of the word of your mouth shall all my people be fed; only with respect to the royal throne will I be greater than you' 41 Pharaoh said to Joseph, 'See, I have appointed you prince over all the land of Egypt' 42 Pharaoh took his signet ring from his hand and put it on Joseph's hand; and he had him clothed in garments of fine linen, and he placed a gold necklace around his neck 43 He had him ride in Pharaoh's second chariot, and they cried out before him, 'This is the father of the king, great in wisdom, tender in years'⁠ And he appointed him prince over all the land of Egypt 44 Pharaoh said to Joseph, 'I am Pharaoh the king, and you are the vice-regent, and without your command no man shall raise his hand to gird on weapons, or his foot to ride a horse, in all the land of Egypt' 45 Pharaoh called Joseph's name 'The man-who-uncovers-hidden-things' And he gave him as wife Asenath, whom Dinah had borne to Shechem, and whom the wife of Potiphera, chief of Tanis, had reared And Joseph went forth as ruler over the land of Egypt 46 Joseph was thirty years old when he stood before Pharaoh, king of Egypt Joseph went forth from Pharaoh's presence and passed through all the land of Egypt as chief and ruler 47 The earth was so fertile during the seven years of plenty that every ear produced two full handfuls until all the granaries were filled 48 He gathered all the corn of the seven years of plenty that were in the land of Egypt, and he put the corn in the cities; the corn of the fields around each city he gathered into it 50 Before the year of famine came, two sons were born to Joseph, whom Asenath, who had grown up in the house of Potiphera, the chief of Tanis, had borne to him 51 And Joseph called the name of the first-born Manasseh, for he said, 'The Lord caused me to forget all my trouble and all my father's house' 52 And he called the name of the second Ephraim, for he said, 'The Lord has strengthened me in the land of my misery; and similarly my father's house is destined to become strong here in their misery' 53 The seven years of plenty that were in the land of Egypt came to an end 54 and the seven years of famine began to come as Joseph had said There was a famine in all lands; but in all the land of Egypt there was bread 55 All the land of Egypt was hungry, because the seed did not produce; and the people cried out before Pharaoh for bread And Pharaoh said to all the Egyptians, 'Go to Joseph; whatever he tells you, you shall do' 56 When the famine was upon all the face of the land, Joseph opened all the granaries where the corn was stored and sold it to the Egyptians; and the famine was severe in the land of Egypt 57 And all the inhabitants of the earth came to Egypt to purchase corn from Joseph, for the famine was severe in all the land

Texts in conversation

Compare Acts 7:10 and Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 41:43

New Testament · Targum

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Summary

Acts echoes a detail about Joseph found not in the Hebrew or Greek versions of Genesis but in an Aramaic tradition later preserved in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan. Both describe Joseph’s rise using language that shows divine favor and Pharaoh’s appointment.

Passages

Acts 7:10

New Testament
8 Then God gave Abraham the covenant of circumcision, and so he became the father of Isaac and circumcised him when he was eight days old, and Isaac became the father of Jacob, and Jacob of the twelve patriarchs. 9 The patriarchs, because they were jealous of Joseph, sold him into Egypt. But God was with him, 10 and rescued him from all his troubles, and granted him favor and wisdom in the presence of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, who made him ruler over Egypt and over all his household. 11 Then a famine occurred throughout Egypt and Canaan, causing great suffering, and our ancestors could not find food. 12 So when Jacob heard that there was grain in Egypt, he sent our ancestors there the first time.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Acts

Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 41:43

Targum
42 Pharaoh took his signet ring from his hand and put it on Joseph's hand; and he had him clothed in garments of fine linen, and he placed a gold necklace around his neck 43 He had him ride in Pharaoh's second chariot, and they cried out before him, 'This is the father of the king, great in wisdom, tender in years' And he appointed him prince over all the land of Egypt 44 Pharaoh said to Joseph, 'I am Pharaoh the king, and you are the vice-regent, and without your command no man shall raise his hand to gird on weapons, or his foot to ride a horse, in all the land of Egypt'
300–1200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Pseudo Jonathan Genesis

References

"... What Stephen speaks in verse 10 seems to be summed up in Genesis 41:38-45, but is nearer materially to Psalm 104:21 (LXX). Haenchen notes that “this Psalm is important as exemplifying the edification drawn by the Jews from their history between Abraham and Moses” (see also Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 2:87-94; Philo, On Joseph 119-162; Jubilees 40:10; Artapanus, On the Jews and Joseph and Aseneth). Wilcox remarks that the Lukan reading may be connected with “the textual tradition” sustained in the late Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (the similarity corresponds to Targum Yerushalmi). That is why the equivalent of the Greek word is lacking in the Masoretic text, LXX, and the Samaritan version, but it is found in the Targum Pseudo-Jonathan of Genesis 41:41, 43. The Lukan text however may have a greater effect on that tradition ..."
Ju-Won Kim, Old Testament Quotations within the Context of Stephen's Speech in Acts (Pretoria University, 2007), 52–53.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Acts 7:10 and Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 41:43

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