Go to Related Reading
About this book

Pseudo Jonathan Genesis

About this book
Chapter 28

1 Isaac called Jacob and blessed him. Then he commanded him and said to him, “Do not take a wife from among the daughters of the Canaanites.” 2 Arise, go to Paddan of Aram to the house of Bethuel, your mother’s father, and from there take a wife for yourself from among the daughters of Laban, your mother’s brother. 3 And may El Shaddai bless you with great possessions, may he increase you and multiply you into twelve tribes, and may you be worthy of the assembly of the masters of the Sanhedrin, the sum of which is seventy, like the number of the peoples. 4 May he give you the blessing of Abraham, to you and your children with you, and may he bring you back to inherit the land where you are sojourning, which the Lord gave to Abraham.” 5 Then Isaac sent Jacob away, and he went to Paddan of Aram to Laban, the son of Bethuel the Aramean, the brother of Rebekah, the mother of Jacob and Esau. 6 Now Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him to Paddan of Aram to take a wife for himself from there, blessing him and commanding him, saying, “Do not take a wife from among the daughters of the Canaanites,” 7 And that Jacob had obeyed the word of his father and the word of his mother and had gone to Paddan of Aram. 8 Esau saw that the daughters of the Canaanites were displeasing to Isaac his father. 9 So Esau went to Ishmael, and took as wife, besides the wives he had, Mahalath, the daughter of Ishmael, Abraham’s son—she is Basemath—the sister of Nebaioth by his mother. 10 Five miracles were performed for Jacob at the time that he went forth from Beer-sheba. The first miracle: the hours of the day were shortened and the sun set before its time, because the Debbira desired to speak with him. The second miracle: the four stones which he had placed as a pillow, he found in the morning joined into one stone. The third miracle: the stone which they rolled from the mouth of the well, when all the flocks were gathered, he rolled it with one of his arms. The fourth miracle: that the well flowed, and the waters came up before him and continued to flow all the days that he was in Haran. The fifth miracle: the earth shrank before him, and on the very day that he went forth he arrived at Haran. 11 And he prayed in the place of the Sanctuary and passed the night there because the sun had set. And he took four of the stones of the holy place and placed them as his pillow and lay down in that place. 12 He had a dream, and behold, a ladder was fixed in the earth with its top reaching towards the heavens. And behold, the two angels who had gone to Sodom and who had been banished from their apartment because they had revealed the secrets of the Lord of the world, went about when they were banished until the time that Jacob went forth from his father’s house. Then, as an act of kindness, they accompanied him to Bethel, and on that day they ascended to the heavens on high, and said, “Come and see Jacob the pious, whose image is fixed in the Throne of Glory;⁠ and whom you have desired to see.” Then the rest of the holy angels of the Lord came down to look at him. 13 And, behold, the Glory of the Lord stood beside him and said to him, “I am the Lord, the God of your father Abraham and the God of Isaac. The land on which you are lying I will give to you and to your children.” 14 Your children shall be as numerous as the dust of the earth, and you shall have power to the west and to the east, to the north and to the south; and all the families of the earth shall be blessed because of your merits and because of the merits of your children. 15 And behold, my Memra is at your assistance, and I will protect you wherever you go, and I will bring you back to this land; for I will not forsake you until I have done what I have promised to you.” 16 And Jacob awoke from his sleep and said, “In truth the Glory of the Shekinah of the Lord dwells in this place, and I did not know it.” 17 He was afraid and said, “How awesome and glorious is this place! This is not a profane place, but a sanctuary to the name of the Lord; and this is a place suitable for prayer, corresponding to the gate of heaven, founded beneath the Throne of Glory.” 18 Jacob rose early in the morning and took the stone, the one which he had placed as his pillow, and placed it as a pillar, and poured oil on the top of it. 19 And he called the name of that place Bethel; but Luz was the name of the city before that. 20 And Jacob swore saying, “If the Memra of the Lord comes to my assistance and keeps me from shedding innocent blood, from idol worship, and from sexual immorality on this journey on which I am going, and if he gives me bread to eat and clothing to wear, 21 And if I return in peace to my father’s house, the Lord shall be my God, 22 And this stone which I have placed as a pillar shall be arranged as a sanctuary of the Lord, and the generations shall worship upon it to the Name of the Lord; and of all that you give me I will set aside a tithe before you.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Ladder of Jacob 1:3 and Pseudo-Jonathan Genesis 28:12

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Targum

Share:

Summary

In the Ladder of Jacob, the fiery face at the top of the ladder may be a heavenly image of Jacob. The Aramaic translation in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan may represent a similar tradition, as the angels say Jacob's image is engraved on God's throne.

Passages

Ladder of Jacob 1:3

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
3 And the top of the ladder was a face like a man's, hewn out of fire. 4 Now it had twelve steps up to the top of the ladder, and upon each step up to the top were two human faces on the right and on the left — twenty-four faces seen down to their chests, on the ladder. 5 But the middle face was higher than them all, which I saw made of fire, to the shoulder and the arm, very terrifying, more than the twenty-four faces. 6 And as I looked, there were the angels of God ascending and descending on it; but the Lord was set above it, and he called me, saying, Jacob, Jacob.
1–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Ladder of Jacob

Pseudo-Jonathan Genesis 28:12

Targum
12 He had a dream, and behold, a ladder was fixed in the earth with its top reaching towards the heavens. And behold, the two angels who had gone to Sodom and who had been banished from their apartment because they had revealed the secrets of the Lord of the world, went about when they were banished until the time that Jacob went forth from his father’s house. Then, as an act of kindness, they accompanied him to Bethel, and on that day they ascended to the heavens on high, and said, “Come and see Jacob the pious, whose image is fixed in the Throne of Glory; and whom you have desired to see.” Then the rest of the holy angels of the Lord came down to look at him.
300–1200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Pseudo Jonathan Genesis

References

“... Scholars have previously noted that in Ladder the fiery Face not only embodies God’s Glory but also seems to represent the heavenly counterpart of Jacob. They observe that the bust of fire, labeled in Ladder as the Face, can be associated with the heavenly “image” of Jacob engraved on the Throne of Glory. [...] A distinctive feature of this description is that the heavenly counterpart of Jacob, his “image,” is engraved on a very special celestial entity, on the Throne of Glory. Engraving on the Throne might indicate an association with the Kavod since the Throne is the central part of the Kavod imagery—the seat of the anthropomorphic Glory of the Lord. The image engraved on the Throne might be an allusion to the face, the fiery face, since it is engraved on the fiery and glorious Throne of the Glory. ...”
Andrei A. Orlov, From Apocalypticism to Merkabah Mysticism: Studies in the Slavonic Pseudepigrapha, JSJSup 114 (Leiden: Brill, 2007), 406–407.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Tags

Your feedback

Ladder of Jacob 1:3 and Pseudo-Jonathan Genesis 28:12

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library