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Pseudo Jonathan Genesis

About this book
Chapter 11

1 The whole earth had one language, one manner of speaking, and one counsel. They spoke in the language of the Sanctuary, the language in which the world was created in the beginning. 2 And when they moved from the east they found a plain in the land of Babel and settled there. 3 They said to one another: 'Come, let us cast bricks and bake them in the furnace.' And they had bricks for stone, and clay for mortar. 4 And they said: 'Come, let us build ourselves a city and a tower with its top reaching towards the heavens. Let us make ourselves an idol at its top, and let us put a sword in its hand, and let it draw up battle formations against him before we are scattered from upon the face of the earth.' 5 The Lord revealed himself to take revenge on them for the work of the city and the tower which the sons of man had built. 6 And the Lord said: 'Behold they are one people, and they have all one language, and they have planned to do this! And now, nothing they plan to do can be withheld from them.' 7 Then the Lord said to the seventy angels that stand before him: 'Come then, let us go down, and confuse their language there, so that they will not understand one another’s language.'⁠ 8 The Memra of the Lord was revealed against the city; and with it seventy angels corresponding to seventy nations, each having the language of his people and the characters of its writing in his hand. He scattered them thence upon the face of all the earth into seventy languages, so that one did not know what the other said, and they killed one another. And they stopped building the city. 9 That is why it was called Babel, because there the Lord confused the language of all the inhabitants of the earth; and from there the Lord scattered them upon the face of the whole earth. 10 This is the line of Shem: Shem was a hundred years old when he begot Arpachshad, two years after the Flood. 11 Shem lived five hundred years after he had begotten Arpachshad, and he begot sons and daughters. 12 Arpachshad lived thirty-five years, and he begot Shelah. 13 Arpachshad lived four hundred and thirty years after he had begotten Shelah, and he begot sons and daughters. 14 Shelah lived thirty years, and he begot Eber. 15 Shelah lived four hundred and three years after he had begotten Eber, and he begot sons and daughters. 16 Eber lived thirty-four years, and he begot Peleg. 17 Eber lived four hundred and thirty years after he had begotten Peleg, and he begot sons and daughters. 18 Peleg lived thirty years, and he begot Reu. Peleg lived two hundred and nine years after he had begotten Reu, and he begot sons and daughters. 19 Reu lived thirty-two years, and he begot Serug. 20 Reu lived two hundred and seven years after he had begotten Serug, and he begot sons and daughters. 21 Serug lived thirty years, and he begot Nahor. 22 Serug lived two hundred years after he had begotten Nahor, and he begot sons and daughters. 23 Nahor lived twenty-nine years, and he begot Terah. 24 Nahor lived a hundred and sixteen years after he had begotten Terah, and he begot sons and daughters. 25 Terah lived seventy years, and he begot Abram, Nahor, and Haran. 26 This is the line of Terah: Terah begot Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran begot Lot. 27 It came to pass, when Nimrod cast Abram into the furnace of fire because he would not worship his idol,⁠ the fire had no power to burn him. Then Haran was undecided, and he said: 'If Nimrod triumphs, I will be on his side; but if Abram triumphs, I will be on his side.' And when all the people who were there saw that the fire had no power over Abram, they said to themselves: 'Is not Haran the brother of Abram full of divination and sorcery? It is he who uttered charms over the fire so that it would not burn his brother.' Immediately fire fell from the heavens on high and consumed him; and Haran died in the sight of Terah his father, being burned in the land of his birth in the furnace of fire which the Chaldeans had made for Abram his brother. 28 And Abram and Nahor took wives to themselves; the name of Abram’s wife was Sarai, and the name of Nahor’s wife Milcah, the daughter of Haran the father of Milcah and the father of Iscah—she is Sarai. 29 Now Sarai was barren; she had no child. 30 Terah took his son Abram, his grandson Lot, the son of Haran, and his daughter-in-law Sarai, the wife of his son Abram, and they went forth together from the fire of the Chaldeans to go to the land of Canaan; and they came to Haran and settled there. 31 The days of Terah were two hundred and five years; and Terah died in Haran.

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Compare Genesis 11:28 and Pseudo Philo, Biblical Antiquities 6:16 and Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 11:27

Hebrew Bible · Classical · Targum

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Summary

In Genesis, Haran dies in Ur of the Chaldeans with no cause given. Pseudo-Philo resolves this by saying Abraham and Haran were thrown into a furnace, and the Aramaic Targum Pseudo-Jonathan makes Haran's death the outcome of that same ordeal.

Passages

Genesis 11:28

Hebrew Bible
27 This is the account of Terah. Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran. And Haran became the father of Lot. 28 Haran died in the land of his birth, in Ur of the Chaldeans, while his father Terah was still alive. 29 And Abram and Nahor took wives for themselves. The name of Abram’s wife was Sarai. And the name of Nahor’s wife was Milcah; she was the daughter of Haran, who was the father of both Milcah and Iscah.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Pseudo Philo, Biblical Antiquities 6:16

Classical
15 Then they said, “This one who is found alone, let us burn him.” So they took Abram and brought him before their princes and said to him, “Where are the ones who were with you?” He said, “I was asleep at night, and when I awoke I did not find them.” 16 They took him and built a furnace and kindled it with fire, and put bricks burned with fire into the furnace. Then Jectan the prince, troubled in his mind, took Abram and put him with the bricks into the furnace of fire. 17 But God stirred up a great earthquake, and the fire gushed out of the furnace and broke out into flames and sparks of fire, and consumed all who stood around watching the furnace; all who were burned that day were 83,500. But Abram suffered no harm at all from the burning of the fire.
1–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Pseudo Philo, Biblical Antiquities

Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 11:27

Targum
26 This is the line of Terah: Terah begot Abram, Nahor, and Haran; and Haran begot Lot. 27 It came to pass, when Nimrod cast Abram into the furnace of fire because he would not worship his idol, the fire had no power to burn him. Then Haran was undecided, and he said: 'If Nimrod triumphs, I will be on his side; but if Abram triumphs, I will be on his side.' And when all the people who were there saw that the fire had no power over Abram, they said to themselves: 'Is not Haran the brother of Abram full of divination and sorcery? It is he who uttered charms over the fire so that it would not burn his brother.' Immediately fire fell from the heavens on high and consumed him; and Haran died in the sight of Terah his father, being burned in the land of his birth in the furnace of fire which the Chaldeans had made for Abram his brother. 28 And Abram and Nahor took wives to themselves; the name of Abram’s wife was Sarai, and the name of Nahor’s wife Milcah, the daughter of Haran the father of Milcah and the father of Iscah—she is Sarai.
300–1200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Pseudo Jonathan Genesis

References

“... The account contains some familiar motifs known from early pseudepigraphical narratives, including the Apocalypse of Abraham, where the young protagonist is sent by his father to sell manufactured idols. Yet, the midrash also brings forward a set of new developments. Haran is the novel feature here, in comparison with the account found in Pseudo-Philo. He becomes a spectator of the dispute between Nimrod and Abraham. His reluctance and unbelief serve as a foil to the faith and strength of Abraham. Eventually both characters are thrown into the furnace, but, unlike his brother, Haran is not able to survive. [...] The authors of the Targum Pseudo-Jonathan are also cognizant of the patriarch's fiery ordeal and provide a very similar story to the account found in Bereshit Rabbah 38. Here too Haran awaits the result of the match between Abraham and Nimrod and is then destroyed by fire. The difference between the targumic and midrashic account is that, while in Midrash Rabbah Haran is destroyed by God, or more precisely the fire sent from heaven, in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan he is destroyed by man, King Nimrod, who throws him into the furnace. ...”
Andrei A. Orlov, Heavenly Priesthood in the Apocalypse of Abraham (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 23.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 11:28 and Pseudo Philo, Biblical Antiquities 6:16 and Pseudo Jonathan Genesis 11:27

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