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Psalms of Solomon

About this book

Hope for a King from David’s Line

Psalm 17

1 Lord, You are our King forever and ever, for our soul takes pride in You, God. 2 How long are the days of man's life on the earth? The hope (set) on him lasts as long as his days. 3 But we hope in God, our deliverer; For our God’s power lasts forever with mercy, And the kingdom of our God is forever over the nations in judgment.

4 You, Lord, chose David (to be) king over Israel, And swore to him concerning his descendants that his kingdom should never fail in Your presence. 5 But, for our sins, sinners rose up against us; They attacked us and drove us out; What You had not promised to them, they took away (from us) with violence. They did not glorify Your honorable name in any way; 6 They set a (worldly) monarchy in place of (that which was) their excellence; They destroyed the throne of David in turbulent arrogance. 7 But You, God, brought them down and removed their descendants from the earth,⁠ when a man from a foreign people rose up against them. 8 You repaid them according to their sins, God, so that what happened to them was according to their deeds.

9 God showed them no pity; He sought out their descendants and did not let one of them go free. 10 The Lord is faithful in all His judgments that He carries out on the earth. 11 The lawless one devastated our land so that no one lived in it. They destroyed young and old and their children together. 12 In the heat of His anger He sent them away all the way to the west, And (He exposed) the rulers of the land to merciless ridicule. 13 The enemy was a foreigner and acted proudly, and his heart was estranged from our God. 14 And [everything he did in] Jerusalem [was like what] the nations [do in the cities to their gods.]

15 And the children of the covenant among the mixed peoples [surpassed them in evil.] There was no one among them who practiced mercy and truth within Jerusalem. 16 Those who loved the synagogues of the faithful fled from them, As sparrows that fly from their nest. 17 They wandered in deserts so that their lives might be saved from harm, And anyone who escaped from them alive was precious to those who lived abroad. 18 They were scattered over the whole earth by lawless (men). 19 For the heavens withheld the rain from falling on the earth, Springs were stopped (that sprang) continuous(ly) from the depths, (that ran down) from high mountains. For there was no one among them who practiced righteousness and justice; 20 From their leaders to the least (of them) all were sinful; The king was a lawbreaker, and the judge disobedient, and the people sinful.

21 Look, Lord, and raise up for them their king, the son of David, at the time You see fit, God, so that he may reign over Your servant Israel.⁠ 22 And strengthen him so that he may shatter unrighteous rulers, and so that he may cleanse Jerusalem of nations that trample (her) down to destruction.⁠ 23 Wisely, righteously he shall drive out sinners from (the) inheritance; He shall destroy the pride of the sinner as a potter's jar.⁠ 24 With a rod of iron he shall shatter all their possessions; He shall destroy the godless nations with the word of his mouth;⁠ 25 At his rebuke nations shall flee from him, And he shall rebuke sinners for the thoughts of their heart.

26 And he shall gather a holy people, whom he shall lead in righteousness,⁠ And he shall judge the tribes of the people who have been made holy by the Lord his God.⁠ 27 And he shall not allow unrighteousness to live among them anymore, Nor shall any man who knows wickedness live with them, For he shall know that they are all sons of their God. 28 And he shall divide them according to their tribes on the land,⁠ And neither a temporary resident nor a foreigner shall live with them anymore. 29 He shall judge peoples and nations in the wisdom of his righteousness. Selah.

30 And he shall have the foreign nations serve him under his yoke; And he shall glorify the Lord in a place visible to (?) the whole earth; And he shall cleanse Jerusalem, making it holy as in ancient times:⁠ 31 So that nations shall come from the ends of the earth to see his glory, bringing as gifts her sons who had fainted, And to see the glory of the Lord, with which God has glorified her. 32 And he (shall be) a righteous king, taught by God, over them, And there shall be no unrighteousness among them during his days, For all shall be holy and their king the anointed of the Lord. 33 For he shall not put his trust in horse and rider and bow, Nor shall he accumulate for himself gold and silver for war, Nor shall he gain confidence from (?) a multitude (?) for the day of battle. 34 The Lord Himself is his king, the hope of the one who is powerful through (his) hope in God. All nations (shall be) in fear before him, 35 For he will strike the earth with the word of his mouth forever. He will bless the people of the Lord with wisdom and gladness, 36 And he himself (will be) free from sin, so that he may rule a great people. He will rebuke rulers, and remove sinners by the power of his word;⁠ 37 And (relying) on his God, throughout his life he will not stumble; For God will make him powerful by means of (His) holy spirit,⁠ And wise by means of the spirit of understanding, with strength and righteousness.⁠ 38 And the blessing of the Lord (will be) with him: he will be strong and not stumble; 39 His hope (will be) in the Lord: who then can overpower him? 40 (He will be) powerful in his actions, and strong in the fear of God; (He will be) shepherding the flock of the Lord faithfully and righteously, and will allow none of them to stumble in their pasture.⁠ 41 He will lead them all rightly, and there will be no pride among them that might cause anyone to be oppressed. 42 This (will be) the majesty of the king of Israel whom God knows; He will raise him up over the house of Israel to correct him.

43 His words (shall be) more refined than the finest, most precious gold;⁠ In the assemblies he will judge the peoples, the tribes of the holy people. 44 His words (shall be) like the words of the holy ones among holy peoples.

45 Blessed are those who shall live in those days, because they shall see the good fortune of Israel which God shall bring about when the tribes are gathered together. 46 May the Lord quickly bring His mercy to Israel! May He deliver us from the uncleanness of unholy enemies! The Lord Himself is our king forever and ever.

Texts in conversation

Compare Ezekiel 45:8 and Psalms of Solomon 17:28

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Wisdom and Poetry

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Summary

Ezekiel describes a future where rulers no longer oppress the people, and the land is fairly shared between Israel’s tribes. The Psalms of Solomon echoes this when describing a future Davidic king who will restore justice and share the land equally.

Passages

Ezekiel 45:8

Hebrew Bible
6 “‘Alongside the portion set apart as the holy allotment, you will allot for the city an area 1⅔ miles wide and 8¼ miles long; it will be for the whole house of Israel. 7 “‘For the prince there will be land on both sides of the holy allotment and the allotted city, on the west side and on the east side; it will be comparable in length to one of the portions, from the west border to the east border 8 of the land. This will be his property in Israel. My princes will no longer oppress my people, but the land will be allotted to the house of Israel according to their tribes. 9 “‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Enough, you princes of Israel! Put away violence and destruction and do what is just and right. Put an end to your evictions of my people, declares the Sovereign Lord. 10 You must use just balances, a just dry measure (an ephah), and a just liquid measure (a bath).
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

Psalms of Solomon 17:28

Pseudepigrapha, Wisdom and Poetry
26 And he shall gather a holy people, whom he shall lead in righteousness, And he shall judge the tribes of the people who have been made holy by the Lord his God. 27 And he shall not allow unrighteousness to live among them anymore, Nor shall any man who knows wickedness live with them, For he shall know that they are all sons of their God. 28 And he shall divide them according to their tribes on the land, And neither a temporary resident nor a foreigner shall live with them anymore. 29 He shall judge peoples and nations in the wisdom of his righteousness. Selah. 30 And he shall have the foreign nations serve him under his yoke; And he shall glorify the Lord in a place visible to (?) the whole earth; And he shall cleanse Jerusalem, making it holy as in ancient times:
65–30 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Psalms of Solomon

References

"... Psalms of Solomon 17 also uses imagery from Ezekiel 34. Psalm of Solomon 17 first affirms the kingship of God and his appointment of David (Psalms of Solomon 17:1-8), and then condemns the leaders of Israel. The psalmist’s prayed-for solution to the problem of Gentile incursion is the restoration of the Davidic line, described in terms derived from Ezekiel 34 (Psalms of Solomon 17:21 / Ezekiel 34:23; Psalms of Solomon 17:27 / Ezekiel 34:30; Psalms of Solomon 17:16-18 / Ezekiel 34:12). Besides the verbal parallels, there are also many conceptual parallels between Psalm of Solomon 17 and Ezekiel 34: the weak sheep (Psalms of Solomon 17:40, Ezekiel 34:4, 16), the pasture (Psalms of Solomon 17:40, Ezekiel 34:14, 18); judgment on the leaders (Psalms of Solomon 17:5-20; Ezekiel 34:1-10, 17-22), deliverance from the Gentile nations (Psalms of Solomon 17:22-25; Ezekiel 34:28-29), and the renewed covenant between God and his people (Psalms of Solomon 17:27; Ezekiel 34:30). The psalmist’s expectation that the coming king will perform a just reallocation of the tribes and the land (Psalms of Solomon 17:28, 43) is similar in concept and wording to the expectations found in Ezekiel 45:8, 47:13, 21 ..."
Gary T. Manning Jr., “Shepherd, Vine, and Bones: The Use of Ezekiel in the Gospel of John,” in After Ezekiel: Essays on the Reception of a Difficult Prophet, ed. P. Joyce and A. Mein, LHBOTS (London: T&T Clark, 2010), 1–31.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Ezekiel 45:8 and Psalms of Solomon 17:28

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