Psalms

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Psalm 148

1 Praise the Lord. Praise the Lord from the sky. Praise him in the heavens.⁠ 2 Praise him, all his angels. Praise him, all his heavenly assembly. 3 Praise him, O sun and moon. Praise him, all you shiny stars.⁠ 4 Praise him, O highest heaven and you waters above the sky.⁠ 5 Let them praise the name of the Lord, for he gave the command and they came into existence. 6 He established them so they would endure; he issued a decree that will not be revoked.⁠ 7 Praise the Lord from the earth, you sea creatures and all you ocean depths, 8 O fire and hail, snow and clouds, O stormy wind that carries out his orders,⁠ 9 you mountains and all you hills, you fruit trees and all you cedars, 10 you animals and all you cattle, you creeping things and birds, 11 you kings of the earth and all you nations, you princes and all you leaders on the earth, 12 you young men and young women, you elderly, along with you children. 13 Let them praise the name of the Lord, for his name alone is exalted; his majesty extends over the earth and sky. 14 He has made his people victorious and given all his loyal followers reason to praise—the Israelites, the people who are close to him. Praise the Lord!

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalms 148:8 and 3 Enoch 23:15

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

Summary

In Psalm 148, a storm wind carries out God's commands. In 3 Enoch, Satan is identified with that wind, placing the adversary among the forces subject to God's orders.

Passages

Psalms 148:8

Hebrew Bible

7 Praise the Lord from the earth, you sea creatures and all you ocean depths, 8 O fire and hail, snow and clouds, O stormy wind that carries out his orders, 9 you mountains and all you hills, you fruit trees and all you cedars, 10 you animals and all you cattle, you creeping things and birds, 11 you kings of the earth and all you nations, you princes and all you leaders on the earth, 12 you young men and young women, you elderly, along with you children. 13 Let them praise the name of the Lord, for his name alone is exalted; his majesty extends over the earth and sky.

600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

3 Enoch 23:15

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch

14 There blows the "Wind of Wrath", as it is written (Job i. 19): "and behold there came a great wind from the wilderness and struck the four corners of the house and it fell". 15 There blows the "Storm-Wind", as it is written (Ps. cxlviii. 8): "Storm-wind, fulfilling his word". 16 And Satan is standing among these winds, for "storm-wind" is nothing else but "Satan", and all these winds do not blow but under the wings of the Kerubim, as it is written (Ps. xviii. 11): "and he rode upon a cherub and did fly, yes, and he flew swiftly upon the wings of the wind".

400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... Interestingly, too, the lengthy passage that describes the winds (3 Enoch 23, §35)59 does not make use of the metrological imagery that I noted to be sig- nificant in the Parables; rather, it brings together an array of biblical texts that speak of the winds and combines their imagery. In fact, there is only one point in 3 Enoch where scales/balance imagery is used, in 18:20 (§27): Why is his name called Šoqedḥozi? Because he weighs men’s merits in scales in the presence of the Holy One, blessed be he. So, while there appears to be more entanglement with the content of Parables of Enoch and 2 Enoch than is seen in the biblical material or even in b.Ḥagigah, ...”

Grant Macaskill, The Entangled Enoch: 2 Enoch and the Cultures of Late Antiquity (Leiden: Koninklijke Brill BV, 2024), 138.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Psalms150 psalms

Compare Psalms 148:8 and 3 Enoch 23:15

Summary

Passages

Psalms 148:8

3 Enoch 23:15

References

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