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Psalms

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Psalm 74

1 A well-written song by Asaph. Why, O God, have you permanently rejected us? Why does your anger burn against the sheep of your pasture? 2 Remember your people whom you acquired in ancient times, whom you rescued so they could be your very own nation, as well as Mount Zion, where you dwell. 3 Hurry to the permanent ruins, and to all the damage the enemy has done to the temple. 4 Your enemies roar in the middle of your sanctuary; they set up their battle flags. 5 They invade like lumberjacks swinging their axes in a thick forest. 6 And now they are tearing down all its engravings with axes and crowbars. 7 They set your sanctuary on fire; they desecrate your dwelling place by knocking it to the ground.⁠ 8 They say to themselves, “We will oppress all of them.” They burn down all the places in the land where people worship God. 9 We do not see any signs of God’s presence; there are no longer any prophets, and we have no one to tell us how long this will last. 10 How long, O God, will the adversary hurl insults? Will the enemy blaspheme your name forever? 11 Why do you remain inactive? Intervene and destroy him. 12 But God has been my king from ancient times, performing acts of deliverance on the earth.⁠ 13 You destroyed the sea by your strength; you shattered the heads of the sea monster⁠ in the water.⁠ 14 You crushed the heads of Leviathan;⁠ you fed him to the people who live along the coast.⁠ 15 You broke open the spring and the stream; you dried up perpetually flowing rivers. 16 You established the cycle of day and night;⁠ you put the moon and sun in place.⁠ 17 You set up all the boundaries of the earth; you created the cycle of summer and winter.⁠ 18 Remember how the enemy hurls insults, O Lord, and how a foolish nation blasphemes your name. 19 Do not hand the life of your dove over to a wild animal. Do not continue to disregard the lives of your oppressed people. 20 Remember your covenant promises, for the dark regions of the earth are full of places where violence rules. 21 Do not let the afflicted be turned back in shame. Let the oppressed and poor praise your name. 22 Rise up, O God. Defend your honor. Remember how fools insult you all day long.⁠ 23 Do not disregard what your enemies say or the unceasing shouts of those who defy you.

Texts in conversation

Compare Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 109 and Psalm 74:7

Ancient Near East, Sumerian · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Psalm 74 mourns the destruction of Israel’s sanctuary by enemies who set it on fire. The Sumerian Lamentation Over Sumer and Ur uses the same imagery of a storm destroying city and temple together.

Passages

Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 109

Ancient Near East, Sumerian
106 In the Enamtila, the palace of his delight, he was crying bitterly. 107 The devastating flood was leveling everything, 108 Like a great storm it roared over the earth, who could escape it? 109 To destroy the city, to destroy the temple, 110 That traitors would lay on top of loyal men, and 111 The blood of traitors flow upon loyal men, 112 The first kirugu. 113 The storms gather to strike like a flood. 114 -the antiphone of the kirugu. 115 The temple of Kis, ljursagkalama, was destroyed, 116 Zababa took an unfamiliar path away from his beloved dwelling, 117 Mother Ba~u was lamenting bitterly in her Urukug, 118 “Alas, the destroyed city, my destroyed temple!” bitterly she cries.

Psalm 74:7

Hebrew Bible
5 They invade like lumberjacks swinging their axes in a thick forest. 6 And now they are tearing down all its engravings with axes and crowbars. 7 They set your sanctuary on fire; they desecrate your dwelling place by knocking it to the ground. 8 They say to themselves, “We will oppress all of them.” They burn down all the places in the land where people worship God.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... The laments over the destruction of cities and temples, and their successors, the tambourine laments and harp songs, display many features in common with the Biblical Book of Lamentations and with the congregational laments of the Psalter such as Psalms 44, 74, 79, 80 and 83, as well as with the ‘jeremiads’ of Jeremiah. In both, an angry deity has abandoned his city and caused or ordered its destruction, which he is invited to inspect. There are also features in the former lacking in the latter, such as the special laments attributed to goddesses, or the appeal to lesser deities for their intercession. ..."
William W. Hallo, Origins: The Ancient Near Eastern Background of Some Modern Western Institutions (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996), 239.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur 109 and Psalm 74:7

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