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Psalms

About this book
Psalm 74

1 A well-written song by Asaph. Why, O God, have you permanently rejected us? Why does your anger burn against the sheep of your pasture? 2 Remember your people whom you acquired in ancient times, whom you rescued so they could be your very own nation, as well as Mount Zion, where you dwell. 3 Hurry to the permanent ruins, and to all the damage the enemy has done to the temple. 4 Your enemies roar in the middle of your sanctuary; they set up their battle flags. 5 They invade like lumberjacks swinging their axes in a thick forest. 6 And now they are tearing down all its engravings with axes and crowbars. 7 They set your sanctuary on fire; they desecrate your dwelling place by knocking it to the ground.⁠ 8 They say to themselves, “We will oppress all of them.” They burn down all the places in the land where people worship God. 9 We do not see any signs of God’s presence; there are no longer any prophets, and we have no one to tell us how long this will last. 10 How long, O God, will the adversary hurl insults? Will the enemy blaspheme your name forever? 11 Why do you remain inactive? Intervene and destroy him. 12 But God has been my king from ancient times, performing acts of deliverance on the earth.⁠ 13 You destroyed the sea by your strength; you shattered the heads of the sea monster⁠ in the water.⁠ 14 You crushed the heads of Leviathan;⁠ you fed him to the people who live along the coast.⁠ 15 You broke open the spring and the stream; you dried up perpetually flowing rivers. 16 You established the cycle of day and night;⁠ you put the moon and sun in place.⁠ 17 You set up all the boundaries of the earth; you created the cycle of summer and winter.⁠ 18 Remember how the enemy hurls insults, O Lord, and how a foolish nation blasphemes your name. 19 Do not hand the life of your dove over to a wild animal. Do not continue to disregard the lives of your oppressed people. 20 Remember your covenant promises, for the dark regions of the earth are full of places where violence rules. 21 Do not let the afflicted be turned back in shame. Let the oppressed and poor praise your name. 22 Rise up, O God. Defend your honor. Remember how fools insult you all day long.⁠ 23 Do not disregard what your enemies say or the unceasing shouts of those who defy you.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 1:5 and Psalm 74:16

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Psalm 74 says day and night belong to God, echoing Genesis where light is named day and darkness night at the beginning of creation. Both highlight the ordering of time by dividing light and darkness, presenting it as an act that shapes human experience.

Passages

Genesis 1:5

Hebrew Bible
3 God said, “Let there be light.” And there was light! 4 God saw that the light was good, so God separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light “day” and the darkness “night.” There was evening, and there was morning, marking the first day. 6 God said, “Let there be an expanse in the midst of the waters and let it separate water from water.” 7 So God made the expanse and separated the water under the expanse from the water above it. It was so.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Psalm 74:16

Hebrew Bible
14 You crushed the heads of Leviathan; you fed him to the people who live along the coast. 15 You broke open the spring and the stream; you dried up perpetually flowing rivers. 16 You established the cycle of day and night; you put the moon and sun in place. 17 You set up all the boundaries of the earth; you created the cycle of summer and winter. 18 Remember how the enemy hurls insults, O Lord, and how a foolish nation blasphemes your name.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... 'light, lamp' is always used in the Pentateuch to designate the sanctuary lamp in the tabernacle: only two other passages, Ezekiel 32:8; Psalm 74:16 use it of the heavenly lights. 'To divide the day from the night'; compare verse 18b, 'the light from the darkness.' Astronomical knowledge makes it difficult to conceive of the existence of day and night before the creation of the sun, but Cassuto argues that the Hebrews did not make an absolute connection between daylight and the sun. At dusk and dawn the world is light even though the sun is below the horizon. This verse, though, affirms the relationship between sun and daylight for all time from the creation of the sun on the fourth day. It must therefore be supposed that the first three days were seen as different: then light and darkness alternated at God‘s behest ..."
Gordon J. Wenham, Word Biblical Commentary: Genesis 1-15 (Word, 1987), 62.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 1:5 and Psalm 74:16

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