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Psalms

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Psalm 68

1 For the music director, by David, a psalm, a song. God springs into action. His enemies scatter; his adversaries run from him.⁠ 2 As smoke is driven away by the wind, so you drive them away. As wax melts before fire, so the wicked are destroyed before God. 3 But the godly are happy; they rejoice before God and are overcome with joy. 4 Sing to God! Sing praises to his name. Exalt the one who rides on the clouds. For the Lord is his name.⁠ Rejoice before him.⁠ 5 He is a father to the fatherless and an advocate for widows.⁠ God rules from his holy dwelling place. 6 God settles in their own homes those who have been deserted; he frees prisoners and grants them prosperity.⁠ But sinful rebels live in the desert. 7 O God, when you lead your people into battle, when you march through the wastelands,⁠ (Selah)⁠ 8 the earth shakes. Yes, the heavens pour down rain before God, the God of Sinai, before God, the God of Israel.⁠ 9 O God, you cause abundant showers to fall on your chosen people. When they are tired, you sustain them, 10 for you live among them. You sustain the oppressed with your good blessings, O God. 11 The Lord speaks; many, many women spread the good news. 12 Kings leading armies run away—they run away! The lovely lady of the house divides up the loot. 13 When you lie down among the sheepfolds, the wings of the dove are covered with silver and with glittering gold. 14 When the Sovereign One scatters kings, let it snow on Zalmon. 15 The mountain of Bashan is a towering mountain; the mountain of Bashan is a mountain with many peaks. 16 Why do you look with envy, O mountains with many peaks, at the mountain where God has decided to live? Indeed the Lord will live there permanently. 17 God has countless chariots; they number in the thousands. The Lord comes from Sinai in holy splendor.⁠ 18 You ascend on high; you have taken many captives. You receive tribute from men, including even sinful rebels.⁠ Indeed, the Lord God lives there.⁠ 19 The Lord deserves praise. Day after day he carries our burden, the God who delivers us. (Selah) 20 Our God is a God who delivers; the Lord, the Sovereign Lord, can rescue from death. 21 Indeed, God strikes the heads of his enemies,⁠ the hairy foreheads of those who persist in rebellion. 22 The Lord says, “I will retrieve them from Bashan. I will bring them back from the depths of the sea, 23 so that your feet may stomp in their blood,⁠ and your dogs may eat their portion of the enemies’ corpses.” 24 They see your processions, O God—the processions of my God, my king, who marches along in holy splendor. 25 Singers walk in front; musicians follow playing their stringed instruments, in the midst of young women playing tambourines. 26 In your large assemblies praise God, the Lord, in the assemblies of Israel. 27 There is little Benjamin, their ruler, and the princes of Judah in their robes, along with the princes of Zebulun and the princes of Naphtali. 28 God has decreed that you will be powerful. O God, you who have acted on our behalf, demonstrate your power. 29 Because of your temple in Jerusalem, kings bring tribute to you. 30 Sound your battle cry against the wild beast of the reeds, and the nations that assemble like a herd of calves led by bulls. They humble themselves and offer gold and silver as tribute. God scatters the nations that like to do battle. 31 They come with red cloth from Egypt. Ethiopia voluntarily offers tribute to God. 32 O kingdoms of the earth, sing to God. Sing praises to the Lord, (Selah) 33 to the one who rides through the sky from ancient times. Look! He thunders loudly.⁠ 34 Acknowledge God’s power, his sovereignty over Israel, and the power he reveals in the skies. 35 You are awe inspiring, O God, as you emerge from your holy temple. It is the God of Israel who gives the people power and strength. God deserves praise!

Texts in conversation

Compare Numbers 10:35 and Psalm 68:1

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Numbers describes Moses asking God to rise and scatter Israel’s enemies whenever the ark set out on the journey. Psalm 68 uses the same language, incorporating it into a hymn celebrating God’s power.

Passages

Numbers 10:35

Hebrew Bible
33 So they traveled from the mountain of the Lord three days’ journey; and the ark of the covenant of the Lord was traveling before them during the three days’ journey, to find a resting place for them. 34 And the cloud of the Lord was over them by day, when they traveled from the camp. 35 And when the ark traveled, Moses would say, “Rise up, O Lord! May your enemies be scattered, and may those who hate you flee before you!” 36 And when it came to rest he would say, “Return, O Lord, to the many thousands of Israel!”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

Psalm 68:1

Hebrew Bible
1 For the music director, by David, a psalm, a song. God springs into action. His enemies scatter; his adversaries run from him. 2 As smoke is driven away by the wind, so you drive them away. As wax melts before fire, so the wicked are destroyed before God. 3 But the godly are happy; they rejoice before God and are overcome with joy. 4 Sing to God! Sing praises to his name. Exalt the one who rides on the clouds. For the Lord is his name. Rejoice before him. 5 He is a father to the fatherless and an advocate for widows. God rules from his holy dwelling place.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... Other imprecations appeal to the language and imagery of Israel’s battle march toward Canaan, especially the Mosaic prayer of Numbers 10:35. As Israel journeyed toward the promised land, the ark of the covenant would go before them, and Moses would pray, “Arise, O Lord, and let your enemies be scattered, and let those who hate you flee before you.” Like a king leading his army to battle, God led Israel against her enemies, preserving the kingdom community with whom he dwelt and driving away the unholy nations with his holy presence. Psalms 3:7; 7:6; 9:19; 10:12; 17:13 replicate the precise introductory phrase from Numbers 10:35 when they petition, “Arise, O Lord”, echoing the Mosaic invocation and framing their requested judgments as a continuation of God’s campaign to scatter the enemy with his royal presence and preserve the community over and with whom he reigns (compare Psalm 74:22; 82:8. The allusion is even more direct in Psalm 68:1: “God shall arise, his enemies shall be scattered; and those who hate him shall flee before him!” In each of these psalms, the imprecator calls upon God as the warrior-king who defended his tabernacle-camp with his holy presence on the way to the land ..."
Trevor Laurence, Cursing with God: The Imprecatory Psalms and the Ethics of Christian Prayer (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2022), 186–187.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Numbers 10:35 and Psalm 68:1

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