Go to Related Reading
About this book

Psalms

About this book
Psalm 55

1 For the music director, to be accompanied by stringed instruments; a well-written song by David. Listen, O God, to my prayer. Do not ignore my appeal for mercy. 2 Pay attention to me and answer me. I am so upset and distressed, I am beside myself, 3 because of what the enemy says, and because of how the wicked pressure me, for they hurl trouble down upon me and angrily attack me. 4 My heart beats violently within me; the horrors of death overcome me. 5 Fear and panic overpower me; terror overwhelms me. 6 I say, “I wish I had wings like a dove. I would fly away and settle in a safe place. 7 Look, I will escape to a distant place; I will stay in the wilderness. (Selah) 8 I will hurry off to a place that is safe from the strong wind and the gale.” 9 Confuse them, O Lord. Frustrate their plans. For I see violence and conflict in the city. 10 Day and night they walk around on its walls, while wickedness and destruction are within it. 11 Disaster is within it; violence and deceit do not depart from its public square. 12 Indeed, it is not an enemy who insults me, or else I could bear it; it is not one who hates me who arrogantly taunts me, or else I could hide from him. 13 But it is you, a man like me, my close friend in whom I confided. 14 We would share personal thoughts with each other; in God’s temple we would walk together among the crowd. 15 May death destroy them. May they go down alive into Sheol. For evil is in their dwelling place and in their midst. 16 As for me, I will call out to God, and the Lord will deliver me. 17 During the evening, morning, and noontime I will lament and moan, and he will hear me. 18 He will rescue me and protect me from those who attack me, even though they greatly outnumber me. 19 God, the one who has reigned as king from long ago, will hear and humiliate them. (Selah) They refuse to change, and do not fear God. 20 He attacks his friends; he breaks his solemn promises to them. 21 His words are as smooth as butter, but he harbors animosity in his heart. His words seem softer than oil, but they are really like sharp swords. 22 Throw your burden upon the Lord, and he will sustain you.⁠ He will never allow the godly to be shaken. 23 But you, O God, will bring them down to the deep Pit.⁠ Violent and deceitful people will not live even half a normal life-span. But as for me, I trust in you.

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 55:23 and Ecclesiastes Rabbah 10:1

Hebrew Bible · Rabbinic

Share:

Summary

In Psalm 55, the psalmist asks God to bring treacherous men down to the pit. In Ecclesiastes Rabbah, a rabbinic commentary, the dead flies of Ecclesiastes are Doeg and Ahithophel, and the psalm is quoted as the small folly that unraveled David's wisdom.

Passages

Psalm 55:23

Hebrew Bible
20 He attacks his friends; he breaks his solemn promises to them. 21 His words are as smooth as butter, but he harbors animosity in his heart. His words seem softer than oil, but they are really like sharp swords. 22 Throw your burden upon the Lord, and he will sustain you. He will never allow the godly to be shaken. 23 But you, O God, will bring them down to the deep Pit. Violent and deceitful people will not live even half a normal life-span. But as for me, I trust in you.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Ecclesiastes Rabbah 10:1

Rabbinic · Aggadah
Another matter: “Dead flies spoil and froth a perfumer’s oil…” refers to Do’eg and Aḥitofel. Yesterday, they were vilifying David with their words and saying: His lineage is flawed; does he not descend from Ruth the Moavite? Today they are expressing matters and are ashamed. “Weightier than wisdom, than honor” – this is the prophecy of David.4 “A little folly” – “You, God, bring them down to the pit of destruction…” (Psalms 55:24).
700–950 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ecclesiastes Rabbah

References

“... The parallelism between Eccl 10:1a, “Dead flies…putrid,” and 10:1b, “so a little folly…wisdom,” is apparent; just as the dead flies can contaminate the perfumer’s anointment, so also an act of foolishness can overshadow wisdom. The author of the book of Ecclesiastes uses a simile to underline the importance of wisdom and to demonstrate its fragile nature. The rabbinic mind grasped the descriptively allegorical sense of the original verse that serves its interpretative agenda. [...] “Doeg and Ahithophel” are likened to “dead flies” because of their stance towards David. The word “wisdom” prefigures David’s prophecy, while the phrase “a little folly” is associated with Doeg and Ahithophel’s behavior that sufficed to undo David’s great wisdom as it is witnessed by Ps 55:24. Doeg and Ahithophel’s actions against David made him pray to God and ask for their punishment. It was that deed which annulled David’s wisdom. ...”
Michail Kitsos, “Examples of Intertextuality in Ecclesiastes Rabbah: An Examination of the Book of Psalms in Ecclesiastes Rabbah with Methodological Nuances,” in Reading Ecclesiastes Intertextually, ed. Katharine Dell and Will Kynes (London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2014), 271–272.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Psalm 55:23 and Ecclesiastes Rabbah 10:1

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library