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Psalms

About this book
Psalm 51

1 For the music director, a psalm of David, written when Nathan the prophet confronted him after David’s affair with Bathsheba. Have mercy on me, O God, because of your loyal love. Because of your great compassion, wipe away my rebellious acts. 2 Wash away my wrongdoing. Cleanse me of my sin.⁠ 3 For I am aware of my rebellious acts; I am forever conscious of my sin. 4 Against you—you above all—I have sinned; I have done what is evil in your sight. So you are just when you confront me; you are right when you condemn me. 5 Look, I was guilty of sin from birth, a sinner the moment my mother conceived me. 6 Look, you desire integrity in the inner man; you want me to possess wisdom. 7 Cleanse me with hyssop and I will be pure; wash me and I will be whiter than snow.⁠ 8 Grant me the ultimate joy of being forgiven. May the bones you crushed rejoice. 9 Hide your face from my sins. Wipe away all my guilt. 10 Create for me a pure heart, O God. Renew a resolute spirit within me. 11 Do not reject me. Do not take your Holy Spirit away from me.⁠ 12 Let me again experience the joy of your deliverance. Sustain me by giving me the desire to obey. 13 Then I will teach rebels your merciful ways, and sinners will turn to you. 14 Rescue me from the guilt of murder, O God, the God who delivers me. Then my tongue will shout for joy because of your righteousness. 15 O Lord, open my lips. Then my mouth will praise you.⁠ 16 Certainly you do not want a sacrifice, or else I would offer it; you do not desire a burnt sacrifice. 17 The sacrifice God desires is a humble spirit—O God, a humble and repentant heart you will not reject. 18 Because you favor Zion, do what is good for her. Fortify the walls of Jerusalem. 19 Then you will accept the proper sacrifices, burnt sacrifices and whole offerings; then bulls will be sacrificed on your altar.

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 51:4 and Jeremiah 4:14

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Psalm 51 alludes to Jeremiah 4 by using the same language for washing to describe the removal of sin. Washing in the Hebrew Bible is usually about ritual impurity, not moral impurity, making this use in the Psalm and Jeremiah unusual.

Passages

Psalm 51:4

Hebrew Bible
1 For the music director, a psalm of David, written when Nathan the prophet confronted him after David’s affair with Bathsheba. Have mercy on me, O God, because of your loyal love. Because of your great compassion, wipe away my rebellious acts. 2 Wash away my wrongdoing. Cleanse me of my sin. 3 For I am aware of my rebellious acts; I am forever conscious of my sin. 4 Against you—you above all—I have sinned; I have done what is evil in your sight. So you are just when you confront me; you are right when you condemn me.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Jeremiah 4:14

Hebrew Bible
13 Look! The enemy is approaching like gathering clouds. The roar of his chariots is like that of a whirlwind. His horses move more swiftly than eagles.” I cry out, “We are doomed, for we will be destroyed!” 14 O people of Jerusalem, wash your hearts of evil so that you may yet be delivered. How long will you continue to harbor up wicked schemes within you? 15 For messengers are coming, heralding disaster, from the city of Dan and from the hills of Ephraim.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

References

"... Scholars often note numerous prophetic allusions within Psalm 51. Both lexical and thematic commonalities have led scholars to posit a connection between the psalm and the traditions of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, etc. Some find the allusions so compelling that they go so far as to argue for dependence ... in Psalm 51, the speaker twice petitions God to "wash" him of his sins (51:4, 9). Although washing with water is not an unusual image in the Hebrew Bible, used often to describe physical cleansing or ritual purification, it is an unexpected concept here as it is applied to sin. Here in Psalm 51, and in several passages in Isaiah and Jeremiah, washing is specified as a solution to sin; however, in each of these passages the reference to washing is metaphorical ..."
Lesley DiFransico, “Identifying Inner-Biblical Allusion through Metaphor: Washing Away Sin in Psalm 51,” VT 65 (2015): 542–557.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 51:4 and Jeremiah 4:14

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