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Psalms

About this book
Psalm 51

1 For the music director, a psalm of David, written when Nathan the prophet confronted him after David’s affair with Bathsheba. Have mercy on me, O God, because of your loyal love. Because of your great compassion, wipe away my rebellious acts. 2 Wash away my wrongdoing. Cleanse me of my sin.⁠ 3 For I am aware of my rebellious acts; I am forever conscious of my sin. 4 Against you—you above all—I have sinned; I have done what is evil in your sight. So you are just when you confront me; you are right when you condemn me. 5 Look, I was guilty of sin from birth, a sinner the moment my mother conceived me. 6 Look, you desire integrity in the inner man; you want me to possess wisdom. 7 Cleanse me with hyssop and I will be pure; wash me and I will be whiter than snow.⁠ 8 Grant me the ultimate joy of being forgiven. May the bones you crushed rejoice. 9 Hide your face from my sins. Wipe away all my guilt. 10 Create for me a pure heart, O God. Renew a resolute spirit within me. 11 Do not reject me. Do not take your Holy Spirit away from me.⁠ 12 Let me again experience the joy of your deliverance. Sustain me by giving me the desire to obey. 13 Then I will teach rebels your merciful ways, and sinners will turn to you. 14 Rescue me from the guilt of murder, O God, the God who delivers me. Then my tongue will shout for joy because of your righteousness. 15 O Lord, open my lips. Then my mouth will praise you.⁠ 16 Certainly you do not want a sacrifice, or else I would offer it; you do not desire a burnt sacrifice. 17 The sacrifice God desires is a humble spirit—O God, a humble and repentant heart you will not reject. 18 Because you favor Zion, do what is good for her. Fortify the walls of Jerusalem. 19 Then you will accept the proper sacrifices, burnt sacrifices and whole offerings; then bulls will be sacrificed on your altar.

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 51:15 and Luke 1:64

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Luke may allude to Psalm 51 in using the image of a mouth opened to praise. In the psalm, this follows a plea for mercy, with Luke using similar language to describe Zechariah whose renewed ability to speak leads him to bless God in front of others.

Passages

Psalm 51:15

Hebrew Bible
14 Rescue me from the guilt of murder, O God, the God who delivers me. Then my tongue will shout for joy because of your righteousness. 15 O Lord, open my lips. Then my mouth will praise you. 16 Certainly you do not want a sacrifice, or else I would offer it; you do not desire a burnt sacrifice. 17 The sacrifice God desires is a humble spirit—O God, a humble and repentant heart you will not reject.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Luke 1:64

New Testament
62 So they made signs to the baby’s father, inquiring what he wanted to name his son. 63 He asked for a writing tablet and wrote, “His name is John.” And they were all amazed. 64 Immediately Zechariah’s mouth was opened and his tongue released, and he spoke, blessing God. 65 All their neighbors were filled with fear, and throughout the entire hill country of Judea all these things were talked about. 66 All who heard these things kept them in their hearts, saying, “What then will this child be?” For the Lord’s hand was indeed with him.
75–85 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Luke

References

"... Both the Greek and Latin texts render the first verb in the active (“and he arose”), which emphasizes the child’s capacity to act alone from the start. In place of the Ethiopic “and spoke”, the Greek has “and blessed” (which is supported by the double rendering in the Lat.). The Greek version has perhaps influenced the description of Melchizedek just after his miraculous birth in 2 Enoch 71:18 (recensions A and J): “he spoke with his lips and blessed the Lord” (as in the present text, the verbs of praising are active). As it stands, the second half of the lemma – so also the text in 106:11 – is an allusion to Psalm 51:15: “O Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will declare your praise”. The cultic context of the psalmic text (compare Psalm 51:16–19) is carries over into priestly overtones in later passages which allude to it; see especially 4Q418 81.1 (“he has opened my lips as a source to bless the holy ones”) and Luke 1:64 (“his mouth was opened and his tongue freed, and he began to speak, praising God”). Similarly, in the passage just cited from 2 Enoch 71, the speech of the newborn Melchizedek is followed by the identification of him as a priest (verses 19–22). Priestly overtones for Noah are less prominent in Birth of Noah, though not entirely absent, as the comparison between the child and “the angels of heaven” may imply (1 Enoch 106:5, 6, 12) ..."
Loren T. Stuckenbruck, 1 Enoch 91–108 (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, 2007), 629.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 51:15 and Luke 1:64

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