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Psalms

About this book
Psalm 50

1 A psalm by Asaph. El, God, the Lord has spoken, and summoned the earth to come from the east and west.⁠ 2 From Zion, the most beautiful of all places, God has come in splendor. 3 “May our God come and not be silent.” Consuming fire goes ahead of him, and all around him a storm rages.⁠ 4 He summons the heavens above, as well as the earth, so that he might judge his people. 5 He says: “Assemble my covenant people before me, those who ratified a covenant with me by sacrifice.” 6 The heavens declare his fairness, for God is judge. (Selah) 7 He says: “Listen, my people. I am speaking! Listen, Israel. I am accusing you. I am God, your God! 8 I am not condemning you because of your sacrifices, or because of your burnt sacrifices that you continually offer me. 9 I do not need to take a bull from your household or goats from your sheepfolds. 10 For every wild animal in the forest belongs to me, as well as the cattle that graze on a thousand hills.⁠ 11 I keep track of every bird in the hills, and the insects of the field are mine. 12 Even if I were hungry, I would not tell you, for the world and all it contains belong to me. 13 Do I eat the flesh of bulls? Do I drink the blood of goats? 14 Present to God a thank offering. Repay your vows to the Most High.⁠ 15 Pray to me when you are in trouble. I will deliver you, and you will honor me.” 16 God says this to the evildoer: “How can you declare my commands, and talk about my covenant? 17 For you hate instruction and reject my words. 18 When you see a thief, you join him; you associate with men who are unfaithful to their wives. 19 You do damage with words, and use your tongue to deceive. 20 You plot against your brother; you slander your own brother. 21 When you did these things, I was silent, so you thought I was exactly like you. But now I will condemn you and state my case against you. 22 Carefully consider this, you who reject God. Otherwise I will rip you to shreds and no one will be able to rescue you. 23 Whoever presents a thank offering honors me. To whoever obeys my commands, I will reveal my power to deliver.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 50:10 and Targum Psalm 50:10

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

Psalm 50 presents God's universal ownership of animals to describe his rule. The Aramaic translation in the Targum expands this into an Eden scene where these beasts are reserved for the righteous as an eschatological reward.

Passages

Psalm 50:10

Hebrew Bible
8 I am not condemning you because of your sacrifices, or because of your burnt sacrifices that you continually offer me. 9 I do not need to take a bull from your household or goats from your sheepfolds. 10 For every wild animal in the forest belongs to me, as well as the cattle that graze on a thousand hills. 11 I keep track of every bird in the hills, and the insects of the field are mine. 12 Even if I were hungry, I would not tell you, for the world and all it contains belong to me.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Targum Psalm 50:10

Targum
8 I am not rebuking you on account of your sacrifices that you did not offer before me in exile, for your holocausts that your fathers offered are in front of me always. 9 From the day that my sanctuary was laid waste, I have not accepted a bull from your hands, or rams from your flock. 10 For mine are all the animals of the forest, and I have prepared for the righteous in the Garden of Eden clean beasts and a wild bull who grazes every day on a thousand mountains. 11 Manifest before me are all the kinds of birds who fly in the air of heaven; and the rooster whose legs rest on the earth, while his head reaches to heaven, rejoicing before me. 12 If the time of the continual morning sacrifice should arrive, I would not tell you; for mine is the earth and its fullness.
200–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Targum Psalms

References

“... Despite the fact that some rabbinic passages postulate that Behemoth is a “clean beast” and Leviathan is a “clean fish,” a frequent labelling of the monsters’ eschatological consumption as a “recompense” for the prohibition of certain fish once again points to their problematic nature in relation to the Jewish dietary laws. [...] Targum on Psalms 50:10 states that “for every animal of the forest is mine, and in the Garden of Eden [...] I designated for the righteous the clean beasts and the wild ox that grazes all day long (on) a thousand mountains.” ...”
Andrei A. Orlov, “Eschatological Consumption of Leviathan and Behemoth as Revelation of the Messianic Torah,” in Watering the Garden: Studies in Honor of Deirdre Dempsey, ed. Andrei A. Orlov, Biblical Intersections 19 (Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias, 2022), 273.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 50:10 and Targum Psalm 50:10

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