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Psalms

About this book
Psalm 41

1 For the music director, a psalm of David. How blessed is the one who treats the poor properly. When trouble comes, may the Lord deliver him. 2 May the Lord protect him and save his life. May he be blessed in the land. Do not turn him over to his enemies. 3 The Lord supports him on his sickbed; you have healed him from his illness. 4 As for me, I said: “O Lord, have mercy on me! Heal me, for I have sinned against you. 5 My enemies ask this cruel question about me, ‘When will he finally die and be forgotten?’ 6 When someone comes to visit, he pretends to be friendly; he thinks of ways to defame me, and when he leaves he slanders me. 7 All who hate me whisper insults about me to one another; they plan ways to harm me. 8 They say, ‘An awful disease overwhelms him, and now that he is bedridden he will never recover.’ 9 Even my close friend whom I trusted, he who shared meals with me, has turned against me.⁠ 10 As for you, O Lord, have mercy on me and raise me up, so I can pay them back!” 11 By this I know that you are pleased with me, for my enemy does not triumph over me. 12 As for me, you uphold me because of my integrity; you allow me permanent access to your presence. 13 The Lord God of Israel deserves praise in the future and forevermore. We agree! We agree!⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 41:9 and John 13:18

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

John’s story of Judas' betrayal follows patterns found in the Hebrew Bible, such as Psalm 41, that describes one who is betrayed by a close friend after sharing a meal. John uses this to shape the narrative of Jesus' last meal and his betrayal by Judas.

Passages

Psalm 41:9

Hebrew Bible
7 All who hate me whisper insults about me to one another; they plan ways to harm me. 8 They say, ‘An awful disease overwhelms him, and now that he is bedridden he will never recover.’ 9 Even my close friend whom I trusted, he who shared meals with me, has turned against me. 10 As for you, O Lord, have mercy on me and raise me up, so I can pay them back!” 11 By this I know that you are pleased with me, for my enemy does not triumph over me.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

John 13:18

New Testament
16 I tell you the solemn truth, the slave is not greater than his master, nor is the one who is sent as a messenger greater than the one who sent him. 17 If you understand these things, you will be blessed if you do them. 18 “What I am saying does not refer to all of you. I know the ones I have chosen. But this is to fulfill the scripture, ‘The one who eats my bread has turned against me.’ 19 I am telling you this now, before it happens, so that when it happens you may believe that I am he. 20 I tell you the solemn truth, whoever accepts the one I send accepts me, and whoever accepts me accepts the one who sent me.”
90–110 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in John

References

"... Here Jesus cites Psalm 41:9, a psalm of a righteous sufferer; lifting up one’s heel to another was an act of disdain (compare Mark 6:11). Betrayal by a friend sometimes happened, but was counted the most heinous form of betrayal. To eat at table with another formed a permanent covenant of peace (sometimes ideally extending even to descendants), so to betray one’s host at a meal was especially treacherous. (To give one example of the covenant bond: two warriors about to engage each other in battle relinquished the fight after learning that one’s father had hosted the other’s at table a generation earlier.) ..."
Craig S. Keener, The IVP Bible Background Commentary: New Testament, 2nd ed. (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2014), 289.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 41:9 and John 13:18

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