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Psalms

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Psalm 39

1 For the music director, Jeduthun; a psalm of David. I decided, “I will watch what I say and make sure I do not sin with my tongue. I will put a muzzle over my mouth while in the presence of an evil person.” 2 I was stone silent; I held back the urge to speak. My frustration grew; 3 my anxiety intensified. As I thought about it, I became impatient. Finally I spoke these words: 4 “O Lord, help me understand my mortality and the brevity of life. Let me realize how quickly my life will pass. 5 Look, you make my days short lived, and my life span is nothing from your perspective.⁠ Surely all people, even those who seem secure, are nothing but vapor. (Selah) 6 Surely people go through life as mere ghosts. Surely they accumulate worthless wealth without knowing who will eventually haul it away.” 7 But now, O Lord, upon what am I relying? You are my only hope! 8 Deliver me from all my sins of rebellion. Do not make me the object of fools’ insults. 9 I am silent and cannot open my mouth because of what you have done. 10 Please stop wounding me. You have almost beaten me to death. 11 You severely discipline people for their sins; like a moth you slowly devour their strength. Surely all people are a mere vapor. (Selah) 12 Hear my prayer, O Lord. Listen to my cry for help. Do not ignore my sobbing. For I am a resident foreigner with you, a temporary settler,⁠ just as all my ancestors were.⁠ 13 Turn your angry gaze away from me, so I can be happy before I pass away.

Texts in conversation

Compare Leviticus 25:23 and Psalm 39:12

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Leviticus states that land cannot be sold forever because it belongs to God, and the people live on it as temporary settlers. Psalm 39 echoes this idea by describing human life as that of a foreigner, even within the land of Israel.

Passages

Leviticus 25:23

Hebrew Bible
21 I will command my blessing for you in the sixth year so that it may yield the produce for three years, 22 and you may sow the eighth year and eat from that sixth year’s produce—old produce. Until you bring in the ninth year’s produce, you may eat old produce. 23 The land must not be sold without reclaim because the land belongs to me, for you are foreign residents, temporary settlers, with me. 24 In all your landed property you must provide for the right of redemption of the land. 25 “‘If your brother becomes impoverished and sells some of his property, his near redeemer is to come to you and redeem what his brother sold.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Leviticus

Psalm 39:12

Hebrew Bible
10 Please stop wounding me. You have almost beaten me to death. 11 You severely discipline people for their sins; like a moth you slowly devour their strength. Surely all people are a mere vapor. (Selah) 12 Hear my prayer, O Lord. Listen to my cry for help. Do not ignore my sobbing. For I am a resident foreigner with you, a temporary settler, just as all my ancestors were. 13 Turn your angry gaze away from me, so I can be happy before I pass away.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... Another feature of hospitality that emerges from the Old Testament record is Israel's deep sense of God as its host. Conscious of its formation from descendants of a 'wandering Aramean,' Israel knew and treasured its identity as a pilgrim people (Deuteronomy 26:5–22), especially during the Exodus journey when it received manna from God in the wilderness (Exodus 16–17). Having taken possession of the promised land, Israelites nevertheless remembered that their home belonged to Yahweh (Leviticus 25:23) and that they, like their forebears, remained sojourners and passing guests in God's eyes (Psalm 39:12). Precisely as inhabitants of the land, they pictured themselves being led into green pastures and feted at the table of the divine king in the presence of their enemies. The 'house of the Lord' in which they hoped to dwell forever was essentially God‘s perpetual hosting (Psalm 23; see also Psalm 104 in which God is portrayed as feeding and sustaining the entire creation day by day). When Israel's prophets looked forward to an era of perfect righteousness and shalom, it was no accident that they envisioned God entertaining the people at an endless feast (Amos 9:13–15; Joel 3:18; Isaiah 25:6–8; see also 1 Enoch 62:14; Midrash on Exodus 25:7–8) ..."
David Noel Freedman, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008), 3718.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Leviticus 25:23 and Psalm 39:12

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