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Psalms

About this book
Psalm 35

1 By David. O Lord, fight those who fight with me. Attack those who attack me. 2 Grab your small shield and large shield, and rise up to help me. 3 Use your spear and lance against those who chase me. Assure me with these words: “I am your deliverer.” 4 May those who seek my life be embarrassed and humiliated. May those who plan to harm me be turned back and ashamed. 5 May they be like wind-driven chaff, as the angel of the Lord attacks them. 6 May their path be dark and slippery, as the angel of the Lord chases them. 7 I did not harm them, but they hid a net to catch me and dug a pit to trap me. 8 Let destruction take them by surprise.⁠ Let the net they hid catch them. Let them fall into destruction. 9 Then I will rejoice in the Lord and be happy because of his deliverance. 10 With all my strength I will say, “O Lord, who can compare to you? You rescue the oppressed from those who try to overpower them, the oppressed and needy from those who try to rob them.” 11 Violent men perjure themselves, and falsely accuse me.⁠ 12 They repay me evil for the good I have done; I am overwhelmed with sorrow. 13 When they were sick, I wore sackcloth, and refrained from eating food. (If I am lying, may my prayers go unanswered.) 14 I mourned for them as I would for a friend or my brother. I bowed down in sorrow as if I were mourning for my mother. 15 But when I stumbled, they rejoiced and gathered together; they gathered together to ambush me. They tore at me without stopping to rest. 16 When I tripped, they taunted me relentlessly, and tried to bite me. 17 O Lord, how long are you going to watch this? Rescue me from their destructive attacks; guard my life from the young lions. 18 Then I will give you thanks in the great assembly; I will praise you before a large crowd of people. 19 Do not let those who are my enemies for no reason gloat over me. Do not let those who hate me without cause carry out their wicked schemes. 20 For they do not try to make peace with others, but plan ways to deceive those who live peacefully in the land. 21 They are ready to devour me; they say, “Aha! Aha! We’ve got you!” 22 But you take notice, Lord; do not be silent! O Lord, do not remain far away from me. 23 Rouse yourself, wake up and vindicate me. My God and Lord, defend my just cause. 24 Vindicate me by your justice, O Lord my God. Do not let them gloat over me. 25 Do not let them say to themselves, “Aha! We have what we wanted!” Do not let them say, “We have devoured him.” 26 May those who rejoice in my troubles be totally embarrassed and ashamed. May those who arrogantly taunt me be covered with shame and humiliation. 27 May those who desire my vindication shout for joy and rejoice. May they continually say, “May the Lord be praised, for he wants his servant to be secure.” 28 Then I will tell others about your justice, and praise you all day long.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 23:1 and Psalm 35:11

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Psalm 35 shows enemies of the psalmist giving false testimony, based on Exodus 23 that forbids spreading false reports or joining the unrighteous in corrupting justice. Both texts highlight how being a false witness functions as a form of violence.

Passages

Exodus 23:1

Hebrew Bible
1 “You must not give a false report. Do not make common cause with the wicked to be a violent6 witness. 2 “You must not follow a crowd in doing evil things; in a lawsuit you must not offer testimony that agrees with a crowd so as to pervert justice, 3 and you must not show partiality to a poor man in his lawsuit. 4 “If you encounter your enemy’s ox or donkey wandering off, you must by all means return it to him.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Psalm 35:11

Hebrew Bible
9 Then I will rejoice in the Lord and be happy because of his deliverance. 10 With all my strength I will say, “O Lord, who can compare to you? You rescue the oppressed from those who try to overpower them, the oppressed and needy from those who try to rob them.” 11 Violent men perjure themselves, and falsely accuse me. 12 They repay me evil for the good I have done; I am overwhelmed with sorrow. 13 When they were sick, I wore sackcloth, and refrained from eating food. (If I am lying, may my prayers go unanswered.)
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... The violence (חמס) that filled the world in Genesis 6:13 is the destructive deeds that every flesh was doing in Genesis 6:12. The noun חמס as well as its verbal root is also multivalent and used in a few different contexts. It is commonly translated as “violence” and the concept covers various types of violence in Hebrew as well as in English. The violence may be social and hierarchical: done by the noble against the lowly, by the rich against the poor, and by the strong against the weak. In this vein, it may occur in international relations. The mode of violence may be bodily assault, which lead to murder in its severity: e.g., Genesis 49:5–7; Judges 9:24. Yet there are other modes of violence, including economic oppression (e.g., Jeremiah 22:3; Ezekiel 45:9; Amos 3:10), or a false legal witness/accusation (e.g., Exodus 23:1; Deuteronomy 19:16; Psalm 35:11), among others. This wide range of meanings led Stoebe and Cassuto to conclude that חמס is “an encompassing term for sin per se,” i.e., “generally anything that is not righteous” ..."
Sun Bok Bae, “Ethics and Morality in the Priestly Law and Narrative” (PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2021), 253–254.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 23:1 and Psalm 35:11

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