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Psalms

About this book
Psalm 31

1 For the music director, a psalm of David. In you, O Lord, I have taken shelter. Never let me be humiliated. Vindicate me by rescuing me. 2 Listen to me. Quickly deliver me. Be my protector and refuge, a stronghold where I can be safe. 3 For you are my high ridge and my stronghold; for the sake of your own reputation you lead me and guide me. 4 You will free me from the net they hid for me, for you are my place of refuge. 5 Into your hand I entrust my life; you will rescue me, O Lord, the faithful God. 6 I hate those who serve worthless idols, but I trust in the Lord.⁠ 7 I will be happy and rejoice in your faithfulness, because you notice my pain and you are aware of how distressed I am. 8 You do not deliver me over to the power of the enemy; you enable me to stand in a wide open place. 9 Have mercy on me, Lord, for I am in distress! My eyes grow dim from suffering. I have lost my strength. 10 For my life nears its end in pain; my years draw to a close as I groan. My strength fails me because of my sin, and my bones become brittle. 11 Because of all my enemies, people disdain me; my neighbors are appalled by my suffering—those who know me are horrified by my condition; those who see me in the street run away from me. 12 I am forgotten, like a dead man no one thinks about; I am regarded as worthless, like a broken jar. 13 For I hear what so many are saying, the terrifying news that comes from every direction. When they plot together against me, they figure out how they can take my life. 14 But I trust in you, O Lord! I declare, “You are my God!” 15 You determine my destiny. Rescue me from the power of my enemies and those who chase me. 16 Smile on your servant. Deliver me because of your faithfulness. 17 O Lord, do not let me be humiliated, for I call out to you. May evil men be humiliated. May they go wailing to the grave. 18 May lying lips be silenced—lips that speak defiantly against the innocent with arrogance and contempt. 19 How great is your favor, which you store up for your loyal followers. In plain sight of everyone you bestow it on those who take shelter in you. 20 You hide them with you, where they are safe from the attacks of men; you conceal them in a shelter, where they are safe from slanderous attacks. 21 The Lord deserves praise for he demonstrated his amazing faithfulness to me when I was besieged by enemies. 22 I jumped to conclusions and said, “I am cut off from your presence!” But you heard my plea for mercy when I cried out to you for help. 23 Love the Lord, all you faithful followers of his! The Lord protects those who have integrity, but he pays back in full the one who acts arrogantly. 24 Be strong and confident, all you who hope in the Lord.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 31:6 and Jonah 2:8

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Jonah’s saying about those who cling to idols echoes the language of Psalm 31, which contrasts trust in idols with trust in God. By drawing on this psalm, Jonah’s prayer is placed in continuity with Israel's wider scriptural and liturgical traditions.

Passages

Psalm 31:6

Hebrew Bible
4 You will free me from the net they hid for me, for you are my place of refuge. 5 Into your hand I entrust my life; you will rescue me, O Lord, the faithful God. 6 I hate those who serve worthless idols, but I trust in the Lord. 7 I will be happy and rejoice in your faithfulness, because you notice my pain and you are aware of how distressed I am. 8 You do not deliver me over to the power of the enemy; you enable me to stand in a wide open place.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Jonah 2:8

Hebrew Bible
6 I went down to the very bottoms of the mountains; the gates of the netherworld barred me in forever, but you brought me up from the Pit, O Lord, my God. 7 When my life was ebbing away, I called out to the Lord. And my prayer came to you, to your holy temple. 8 Those who worship worthless idols forfeit the mercy that could be theirs. 9 But as for me, I promise to offer a sacrifice to you with a public declaration of praise; I will surely do what I have promised. Salvation belongs to the Lord!” 10 Then the Lord commanded the fish and it vomited Jonah out onto dry land.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jonah

References

"... The study of intertextuality focuses on how biblical texts echo, allude to, quote, reapply, or even reconfigure other canonical passages for various rhetorical and theological purposes. Inner-biblical allusion is especially prominent in the book of Jonah, which is not surprising in light of the highly artistic nature of this short work. Hyun Chul Paul Kim argues that “intertextual allusions in the book of Jonah suggest its function and place” and that Jonah’s dialogue with other passages in the Hebrew Bible helps provide “expression to thematic emphases of the post-exilic communities in the Second Temple period.” (Peter Lang has argued for an intertextual connection of Psalm 31 to both Jonah 2 and the book of Jeremiah ... Compare Jonah 2:4 and Psalm 31:22; Jonah 2:8 and Psalm 31:6. The use of language from the Psalms in Jonah 2 as a whole - compare Jonah 2:3 and Psalm 42:7; Jonah 2:5; Psalm 69:1 - presents Jonah as a pious worshipper, perhaps somewhat ironically in light of the book) Salters comments, “In only 48 verses ... there are so many connections with the Old Testament that one might begin to doubt if Jonah has anything new to say.” ..."
Gary Yates, “The ‘Weeping Prophet’ and ‘Pouting Prophet’ in Dialogue: Intertextual Connections between Jeremiah and Jonah,” JETS 59.2 (2016): 223–239.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Psalm 31:6 and Jonah 2:8

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