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Psalms

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Psalm 27

1 By David. The Lord is my light and my salvation. I fear no one. The Lord protects my life. I am afraid of no one. 2 When evil men attack me to devour my flesh, when my adversaries and enemies attack me, they stumble and fall. 3 Even when an army is deployed against me, I do not fear. Even when war is imminent, I remain confident. 4 I have asked the Lord for one thing—this is what I desire! I want to live in the Lord’s house all the days of my life, so I can gaze at the splendor of the Lord and contemplate in his temple.⁠ 5 He will surely give me shelter in the day of danger; he will hide me in his home. He will place me on an inaccessible rocky summit. 6 Now I will triumph over my enemies who surround me. I will offer sacrifices in his dwelling place and shout for joy. I will sing praises to the Lord.⁠ 7 Hear me, O Lord, when I cry out. Have mercy on me and answer me. 8 My heart tells me to pray to you, and I do pray to you, O Lord. 9 Do not hide your face from me26.⁠ Do not push your servant away in anger. You are my deliverer. Do not forsake or abandon me, O God who vindicates me. 10 Even if my father and mother abandoned me, the Lord would take me in. 11 Teach me how you want me to live, Lord; lead me along a level path because of those who wait to ambush me. 12 Do not turn me over to my enemies, for false witnesses who want to destroy me testify against me.⁠ 13 Where would I be if I did not believe I would experience the Lord’s favor in the land of the living? 14 Rely on the Lord! Be strong and confident! Rely on the Lord!

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 20:16 and Psalm 27:12

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Exodus forbids giving false testimony, a common ancient Near Eastern requirement to preserve legal integrity. This language is echoed in Psalm 27, when the psalmist describes the threat of being accused by false witnesses.

Passages

Exodus 20:16

Hebrew Bible
14 “You shall not commit adultery. 15 “You shall not steal. 16 “You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor. 17 “You shall not covet your neighbor’s house. You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, nor his male servant, nor his female servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that belongs to your neighbor.” 18 All the people were seeing the thundering and the lightning, and heard the sound of the horn, and saw the mountain smoking—and when the people saw it they trembled with fear and kept their distance.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Psalm 27:12

Hebrew Bible
10 Even if my father and mother abandoned me, the Lord would take me in. 11 Teach me how you want me to live, Lord; lead me along a level path because of those who wait to ambush me. 12 Do not turn me over to my enemies, for false witnesses who want to destroy me testify against me. 13 Where would I be if I did not believe I would experience the Lord’s favor in the land of the living? 14 Rely on the Lord! Be strong and confident! Rely on the Lord!
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... The story of Naboth’s vineyard is the only narrative where the nature of their sin is not primarily cultic but rather moral and economic. The story hints that these dimensions are connected. Sinning against God and sinning against humans come together. Idolatry brings forward other sins. The story is an example of the abuse of royal power. This is not unique in the Deuteronomic History. Samuel’s speech in 1 Samuel 8 warns the people of Israel about the rights of the future kings. One of the particular warnings is that the king will take the fields, vineyards and olive groves of the people (1 Samuel 8:14). King David also abuses his power when he commits adultery with Bathsheba and kills Uriah in 2 Samuel 11. In the present passage, false witness causes the death of Naboth. The prohibition of bearing false witness is a recurring theme in the Scriptures. It is forbidden according to the Decalogue (Exodus 20:16; Deuteronomy 5:20). The accusation of Naboth is the only particular case in the Old Testament accounted in a judicial situation, but the wisdom literature (Proverbs 12:27; 14:5) and Psalm 27:12 prove that it was an existing practice ..."
András Paczári, "He Looked for Justice, but Behold, Oppression": Socio-Economic and Political Aspects of Viticulture and Viniculture in the Judean and Israelite Kingdoms (Western Theological Seminary, 2017), 23–24.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 20:16 and Psalm 27:12

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