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Psalms

About this book
Psalm 14

1 For the music director, by David. Fools say to themselves, “There is no God.” They sin and commit evil deeds; none of them does what is right.⁠ 2 The Lord looks down from heaven at the human race,⁠ to see if there is anyone who is wise and seeks God. 3 Everyone rejects God; they are all morally corrupt. None of them does what is right, not even one.⁠ 4 All those who behave wickedly do not understand— those who devour my people as if they were eating bread and do not call out to the Lord. 5 They are absolutely terrified, for God defends the godly. 6 You want to humiliate the oppressed, even though the Lord is their shelter. 7 I wish the deliverance of Israel would come from Zion! When the Lord restores the well-being of his people, may Jacob rejoice, may Israel be happy!

Texts in conversation

Compare Psalm 14:2 and Psalm 53:2

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Psalm 14 uses the divine name four times, including where God looks down from heaven at the human race. Psalm 53 repeats the poem but with several changes, replacing the divine name with the term Elohim, suggesting it was adapted by a distinct tradition.

Passages

Psalm 14:2

Hebrew Bible
1 For the music director, by David. Fools say to themselves, “There is no God.” They sin and commit evil deeds; none of them does what is right. 2 The Lord looks down from heaven at the human race, to see if there is anyone who is wise and seeks God. 3 Everyone rejects God; they are all morally corrupt. None of them does what is right, not even one. 4 All those who behave wickedly do not understand— those who devour my people as if they were eating bread and do not call out to the Lord. 5 They are absolutely terrified, for God defends the godly. 6 You want to humiliate the oppressed, even though the Lord is their shelter. 7 I wish the deliverance of Israel would come from Zion! When the Lord restores the well-being of his people, may Jacob rejoice, may Israel be happy!
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

Psalm 53:2

Hebrew Bible
1 For the music director, according to the machalath style; a well-written song by David. Fools say to themselves, “There is no God.” They sin and commit evil deeds; none of them does what is right. 2 God looks down from heaven at the human race, to see if there is anyone who is wise and seeks God. 3 Everyone rejects God; they are all morally corrupt. None of them does what is right, not even one! 4 All those who behave wickedly do not understand—those who devour my people as if they were eating bread and do not call out to God. 5 They are absolutely terrified, even by things that do not normally cause fear. For God annihilates those who attack you. You are able to humiliate them because God has rejected them. 6 I wish the deliverance of Israel would come from Zion! When God restores the well-being of his people, may Jacob rejoice, may Israel be happy!
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

“... Psalm 53 is a twin of Psalm 14, but it is not an identical twin. When compared side-by-side, two differences are apparent. The first is that Psalm 53 uses the term Elohim instead of the divine name. This is a characteristic of the Elohistic Psalter and demonstrates that the psalm was used in two different collections probably from two different geographical areas. The second difference is that the lines 5b, c, d, and e deviate significantly from Psalm 14’s 5b, 6a, and 6b. These differences confirm that psalms were adapted for different circumstances and for use in different communities, and as such, they should be treated separately, instead of one as a redacted or corrupted version of the other. ...”
Nancy L. DeClaissé-Walford, The Book of Psalms (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2014), 533.
“... Psalm 42 marks the beginning of what is commonly known as the Elohistic Psalter (Psalms 42–83), so named because of its somewhat distinct use of the divine name. In the Hebrew Psalter, the name most frequently used for God is the tetragrammaton YHWH (translated in English Bibles as “LORD”). But in Psalms 42–83, the name used most frequently is Elohim (ʾelōhîm, translated in English Bibles as “God”). The difference in the preferred name for God in these psalms suggests that the Elohistic Psalter was a discrete collection of psalms that was incorporated into the Hebrew Psalter. [...] Textual evidence indicates a sharing of material between the psalms included in the Elohistic Psalter and psalms found elsewhere in the Psalter. Examples include: • Psalm 53, “a Maskil of David,” is almost identical to Psalm 14. The only difference between them is that wherever the name YHWH (LORD) occurs in Psalm 14 (vss. 2, 4, 6, and 7), the reader finds Elohim in Psalm 53. ...”
Nancy L. DeClaissé-Walford, The Book of Psalms (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2014), 455.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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