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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 4

1 Listen, children, to a father’s instruction, and pay attention so that you may gain discernment. 2 Because I hereby give you good instruction, do not forsake my teaching.⁠ 3 When I was a son to my father, a tender, only child before my mother, 4 he taught me, and he said to me: “Let your heart lay hold of my words; keep my commands so that you will live. 5 Acquire wisdom, acquire understanding; do not forget and do not turn aside from the words I speak. 6 Do not forsake wisdom, and she will protect you; love her, and she will guard you. 7 Wisdom is supreme—so acquire wisdom, and whatever you acquire, acquire understanding! 8 Esteem her highly and she will exalt you; she will honor you if you embrace her.⁠ 9 She will place a fair garland on your head; she will bestow a beautiful crown on you.” 10 Listen, my child, and accept my words so that the years of your life will be many. 11 I hereby guide you in the way of wisdom, and I lead you in upright paths. 12 When you walk, your steps will not be hampered, and when you run, you will not stumble.⁠ 13 Hold on to instruction, do not let it go; protect it, because it is your life. 14 Do not enter the path of the wicked or walk in the way of those who are evil. 15 Avoid it, do not go on it; turn away from it, and go on. 16 For they cannot sleep unless they cause harm; they are robbed of sleep until they make someone stumble. 17 Indeed they have eaten bread gained from wickedness and drink wine obtained from violence. 18 But the path of the righteous is like the bright morning light, growing brighter and brighter until full day. 19 The way of the wicked is like gloomy darkness; they do not know what they stumble over. 20 My child, pay attention to my words; listen attentively to my sayings. 21 Do not let them depart from your sight; guard them within your heart, 22 for they are life to those who find them and healing to one’s entire body. 23 Guard your heart with all vigilance, for from it are the sources of life. 24 Remove perverse speech from your mouth; keep devious talk far from your lips. 25 Let your eyes look directly in front of you, and let your gaze look straight before you. 26 Make the path for your feet level, so that all your ways may be established. 27 Do not turn to the right or to the left; turn yourself away from evil.

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 4:12 and 4Q184 1:14

Hebrew Bible · Dead Sea Scrolls, Wisdom and Instruction

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Summary

Proverbs promises that wisdom will keep its students from stumbling. In 4Q184 from the Dead Sea Scrolls, the wicked woman makes even righteous people stumble, challenging the promise that wisdom protects them from evil.

Passages

Proverbs 4:12

Hebrew Bible
10 Listen, my child, and accept my words so that the years of your life will be many. 11 I hereby guide you in the way of wisdom, and I lead you in upright paths. 12 When you walk, your steps will not be hampered, and when you run, you will not stumble. 13 Hold on to instruction, do not let it go; protect it, because it is your life.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

4Q184 1:14

Dead Sea Scrolls, Wisdom and Instruction · The Seductress
13 from … always. Her eyes dart here and there, and she lifts her eyelids wantonly to look at a 14 righteous man and overtake him, and at a mighty man and make him stumble; to turn the upright from the way, and the righteous chosen ones 15 from keeping the commandment; to make fools of those who are steadfast … with wantonness, and to make those who walk uprightly change the statute; to make 16 the humble rebel against God, and to turn their steps from the ways of righteousness; to bring insolence into their heart, so that they do not tread 17 in the paths of uprightness; to lead a person astray into the ways of the pit, and to seduce with smooth words [all] the sons of man.
100–60 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 4Q184

References

“... 4Q184 takes phrases out of Proverbs that assure protection against the evil woman through righteousness and contradicts them. If you “walk in paths of righteousness…you will not stumble”; she overtakes him to “make him stumble,” so he “does not walk…in the tracks of uprightness.” Also, if you “keep your father’s commands,” you will be pro- tected from “an evil woman,” from a “smooth tongue”; here she stops him “from keeping the command” with her “smooth words” and her “eyelashes”. Again, the important difference is the identity of the victims. If they were all unwitting boys, there would be nothing amiss about this description. But the characters here are all exactly those who, by the standards of Proverbs have succeeded, and should be inviolable. But they are not. There is nothing in Proverbs that explains such a change. To take up Proverbs so clearly and then blatantly contradict it, to show that wisdom is not as powerful as wickedness is a bold move that requires explanation, if it is not simply an authorial invention . ...”
Michael J. Lesley, “Exegetical Wiles: 4Q184 as Scriptural Interpretation,” in The Scrolls and Biblical Traditions: Proceedings of the Seventh Meeting of the IOQS in Helsinki, ed. George J. Brooke, Daniel K. Falk, Eibert J. C. Tigchelaar, and Molly M. Zahn (Leiden: Brill, 2012), MS 12.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 4:12 and 4Q184 1:14

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