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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 31

1 The words of King Lemuel, an oracle that his mother taught him: 2 O my son, O son of my womb, O son of my vows, 3 do not give your strength to women, nor your ways to that which ruins kings. 4 It is not for kings, O Lemuel, it is not for kings to drink wine or for rulers to crave strong drink, 5 lest they drink and forget what is decreed and remove from all the poor their legal rights. 6 Give strong drink to the one who is perishing and wine to those who are bitterly distressed; 7 let them drink and forget their poverty, and remember their misery no more. 8 Open your mouth on behalf of those unable to speak, for the legal rights of all the dying. 9 Open your mouth, judge in righteousness, and plead the cause of the poor and needy.⁠ 10 Who can find a wife of noble character? For her value is far more than rubies.⁠ 11 Her husband’s heart has trusted her, and he does not lack the dividends. 12 She has rewarded him with good and not harm all the days of her life. 13 She sought out wool and flax, then worked happily with her hands. 14 She was like the merchant ships; she would bring in her food from afar. 15 Then she rose while it was still night, and provided food for her household and a portion to her female servants. 16 She considered a field and bought it; from her own income she planted a vineyard.⁠ 17 She clothed herself in might, and she strengthened her arms. 18 She perceived that her merchandise was good. Her lamp would not go out in the night. 19 She extended her hands to the spool, and her hands grasped the spindle. 20 She opened her hand to the poor, and extended her hands to the needy.⁠ 21 She would not fear for her household in winter, because all her household were clothed with scarlet,⁠ 22 because she had made coverings for herself; and because her clothing was fine linen and purple. 23 Her husband is well known in the city gate when he sits with the elders of the land. 24 She made linen garments then sold them and traded belts to the merchants; 25 her clothing was strong and splendid; and she laughed at the time to come. 26 She has opened her mouth with wisdom, with loving instruction on her tongue. 27 Watching over the ways of her household, she would not eat the bread of idleness. 28 Her children have risen and called her blessed; her husband also has praised her: 29 “Many daughters have done valiantly, but you have surpassed them all!” 30 Charm is deceitful and beauty is fleeting. A woman who fears the Lord—she makes herself praiseworthy. 31 Give her credit for what she has accomplished, and let her works praise her in the city gates.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 31:10 and Ruth 3:11

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Ruth is described as a woman of nobility, language that also appears in Proverbs 31 to introduce the qualities of an ideal wife. Ruth uses the same phrase to highlight her character at a crucial moment in the story.

Passages

Proverbs 31:10

Hebrew Bible
8 Open your mouth on behalf of those unable to speak, for the legal rights of all the dying. 9 Open your mouth, judge in righteousness, and plead the cause of the poor and needy. 10 Who can find a wife of noble character? For her value is far more than rubies. 11 Her husband’s heart has trusted her, and he does not lack the dividends. 12 She has rewarded him with good and not harm all the days of her life.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Ruth 3:11

Hebrew Bible
9 He said, “Who are you?” She replied, “I am Ruth, your servant. Spread your cloak over your servant,32 for you are a guardian of the family interests.” 10 He said, “May you be rewarded by the Lord, my dear! This act of devotion is greater than what you did before. For you have not sought to marry one of the young men, whether rich or poor. 11 Now, my dear, don’t worry! I intend to do for you everything you propose, for everyone at the town gate42 knows that you are a woman of noble character.43 12 Now yes, it is true that I am a guardian, but there is another guardian who is a closer relative than I am. 13 Remain here tonight. Then in the morning, if he agrees to marry you, fine, let him do so. But if he does not want to do so, I promise, as surely as the Lord lives, to marry you. Sleep here until morning.”
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ruth

References

"... While the plot of the book of Ruth is intriguing in its own right, through the effective use of echoes and allusions, the narrator seems to betray a familiarity with a wide range of other biblical texts or traditions (Zakovitch, 49-59; Fischer, 47-48). Perhaps the most striking intertextual link is found in Boaz’s characterization of Ruth as a (“woman of nobility”) in Ruth 3:11. The only other occurrence of this phrase in the Hebrew Bible is found in Proverbs 31:10, in the heading of an acrostic portrayal of an honorable woman. Some have also interpreted Naomi as a female Job. The book begins with her struggles over having lost everything, including her family, and ends with the birth of a “son” and the pronouncement that one daughter-in-law like Ruth is to be treasured more than seven sons (Ruth 4:15; compare Job 42:13) ..."
Tremper Longman and Peter Enns, Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings (Inter-Varsity, 2008), 679.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 31:10 and Ruth 3:11

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