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About this book

Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 30

1 The words of Agur, the son of Jakeh; an oracle: This man says to Ithiel, to Ithiel and to Ukal: 2 Surely I am more brutish than any other human being, and I do not have human understanding; 3 I have not learned wisdom, nor can I have knowledge of the Holy One. 4 Who has ascended into heaven, and then descended? Who has gathered up the winds in his fists? Who has bound up the waters in his cloak? Who has established all the ends of the earth? What is his name, and what is his son’s name? Surely you can know! 5 Every word of God is purified; he is like a shield for those who take refuge in him. 6 Do not add to his words, lest he reprove you and prove you to be a liar.⁠ 7 Two things I have asked from you; do not refuse me before I die: 8 Remove falsehood and lies far from me; do not give me poverty or riches; feed me with my allotted portion of bread,⁠ 9 lest I become satisfied and act deceptively and say, “Who is the Lord?” Or lest I become poor and steal and demean the name of my God. 10 Do not slander a servant to his master, lest he curse you, and you are found guilty. 11 There is a generation who curse their fathers and do not bless their mothers. 12 There is a generation who are pure in their own opinion and yet are not washed from their filthiness. 13 There is a generation whose eyes are so lofty and whose eyelids are lifted up disdainfully. 14 There is a generation whose teeth are like swords and whose molars are like knives to devour the poor from the earth and the needy from among the human race. 15 The leech has two daughters: “Give! Give!” There are three things that will never be satisfied, four that have never said, “Enough”— 16 the grave, the barren womb; earth has not been satisfied with water;⁠ and fire has never said, “Enough!”⁠ 17 The eye that mocks at a father and despises obeying a mother—the ravens of the valley will peck it out, and the young vultures will eat it. 18 There are three things that are too wonderful for me, four that I do not understand: 19 the way of an eagle in the sky, the way of a snake on a rock, the way of a ship in the sea, and the way of a man with a woman. 20 This is the way of an adulterous woman: She has eaten and wiped her mouth and has said, “I have not done wrong.” 21 Under three things the earth has trembled, and under four things it cannot bear up: 22 under a servant who becomes king, under a fool who becomes stuffed with food, 23 under an unloved woman who becomes married, and under a female servant who dispossesses her mistress. 24 There are four things on earth that are small, but they are exceedingly wise: 25 Ants are creatures with little strength, but they prepare their food in the summer; 26 rock badgers are creatures with little power, but they make their homes in the crags; 27 locusts have no king, but they all go forward by ranks; 28 a lizard you can catch with the hand, but it gets into the palaces of the king. 29 There are three things that are magnificent in their step, four things that move about magnificently: 30 a lion, mightiest of the beasts, who does not retreat from anything; 31 a strutting rooster, a male goat, and a king with his army around him. 32 If you have done foolishly by exalting yourself or if you have planned evil, put your hand over your mouth! 33 For as the churning of milk produces butter and as punching the nose produces blood, so stirring up anger produces strife.

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 30:6 and Revelation 22:18

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Revelation 22 echoes the language of Proverbs 30, which is based on ancient Near Eastern covenant formulas that forbid changing the covenant language. Revelation repurposes this language to give itself the same sense of authority.

Passages

Proverbs 30:6

Hebrew Bible
4 Who has ascended into heaven, and then descended? Who has gathered up the winds in his fists? Who has bound up the waters in his cloak? Who has established all the ends of the earth? What is his name, and what is his son’s name? Surely you can know! 5 Every word of God is purified; he is like a shield for those who take refuge in him. 6 Do not add to his words, lest he reprove you and prove you to be a liar. 7 Two things I have asked from you; do not refuse me before I die: 8 Remove falsehood and lies far from me; do not give me poverty or riches; feed me with my allotted portion of bread,
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Revelation 22:18

New Testament
16 “I, Jesus, have sent my angel to testify to you about these things for the churches. I am the root and the descendant of David, the bright morning star!” 17 And the Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” And let the one who hears say: “Come!” And let the one who is thirsty come; let the one who wants it take the water of life free of charge. 18 I testify to everyone who hears the words of the prophecy contained in this book: If anyone adds to them, God will add to him the plagues described in this book. 19 And if anyone takes away from the words of this book of prophecy, God will take away his share in the tree of life and in the holy city that are described in this book. 20 The one who testifies to these things says, “Yes, I am coming soon!” Amen! Come, Lord Jesus!
92–96 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Revelation

References

"... John now turns abruptly to a serious threat ... The word translated warn means “witness” or “testify” (verses 16, 20; 1:2); Hughes suggests that it is the obverse of “blessed” (1990:240: 1:3; 22:7). The plagues are the bowl judgments. Hence, the punishment fits the offense; the person who tampers with the prophecy receives the judgment of the same prophecy. This warning has roots in a variety of biblical passages (Deuteronomy 4:2; 12:32; 29:19-20; Proverbs 30:6; Galatians 1:6-9; 1 Enoch 104:10; 2 Enoch 48:7-8). Moreover, in days before the printing press and copyright laws, it was common to end a letter with a warning against tampering with its message. The problem is illustrated by Tertullian, who accused Valentinus of perverting his text with additions and alterations (Against Heresies 38) ..."
John R. Yeatts, Revelation (Scottdale, PA: Herald, 2003), 421.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 30:6 and Revelation 22:18

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