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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 29

1 The one who stiffens his neck after numerous rebukes will suddenly be destroyed without remedy. 2 When the righteous become numerous, the people rejoice; when the wicked rule, the people groan. 3 The man who loves wisdom brings joy to his father, but whoever associates with prostitutes wastes his wealth.⁠ 4 A king brings stability to a land by justice, but one who exacts tribute tears it down. 5 The one who flatters his neighborspreads a net for his steps. 6 In the transgression of an evil person there is a snare, but a righteous person can sing and rejoice. 7 The righteous person cares for the legal rights of the poor; the wicked person does not understand such knowledge. 8 Scornful people inflame a city, but those who are wise turn away wrath. 9 When a wise person goes to court with a foolish person, there is no peace whether he is angry or laughs. 10 Bloodthirsty people hate someone with integrity; as for the upright, they seek his life. 11 A fool lets fly with all his temper, but a wise person keeps it back. 12 If a ruler listens to lies, all his ministers will be wicked. 13 The poor person and the oppressor have this in common: The Lord gives light to the eyes of them both.⁠ 14 If a king judges the poor in truth, his throne will be established forever. 15 A rod and reproof impart wisdom, but a child who is unrestrained brings shame to his mother. 16 When the wicked increase, transgression increases, but the righteous will see their downfall. 17 Discipline your child, and he will give you rest; he will bring you happiness. 18 When there is no prophetic vision the people cast off restraint, but the one who keeps the law, blessed is he! 19 A servant cannot be corrected by words, for although he understands, there is no answer. 20 You have seen someone who is hasty in his words— there is more hope for a fool than for him. 21 If someone pampers his servant from youth, he will be a weakling in the end. 22 An angry person stirs up dissension, and a wrathful person is abounding in transgression. 23 A person’s pride will bring him low, but one who has a lowly spirit will gain honor.⁠ 24 Whoever shares with a thief is his own enemy; he hears the oath to testify, but does not talk. 25 The fear of people becomes a snare, but whoever trusts in the Lord will be set on high. 26 Many people seek the face of a ruler, but it is from the Lord that one receives justice. 27 An unjust person is an abomination to the righteous, and the one who lives an upright life is an abomination to the wicked.

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 29:13 and Tobit 10:5

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Proverbs 29 and Tobit each speak of the light of the eyes, reflecting the belief that the eye creates its own light. Proverbs says God gives that light to rich and poor alike, while Tobit calls a departing child the light of a parent’s eyes.

Passages

Proverbs 29:13

Hebrew Bible
11 A fool lets fly with all his temper, but a wise person keeps it back. 12 If a ruler listens to lies, all his ministers will be wicked. 13 The poor person and the oppressor have this in common: The Lord gives light to the eyes of them both. 14 If a king judges the poor in truth, his throne will be established forever. 15 A rod and reproof impart wisdom, but a child who is unrestrained brings shame to his mother.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Tobit 10:5

Deuterocanon
4 And Anna his wife says, My child has perished, and is no longer among the living; and she began to weep and bewail her son, and said, 5 Woe is me, my child, that I let you go, the light of my eyes. 6 And Tobit kept saying to her, Hold your peace, do not be troubled, sister, he is in good health; doubtless some distracting business has befallen them there; and the man who went with him is trusty and one of our kindred; do not grieve for him, sister, soon he will be here.
225–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Tobit

References

... Expressions in the Old Testament imply that the Jews thought of the eye as having its own light. 'The light of my eyes – it also has gone from me' (Psalm 38[27]:10), 'The light of the eyes rejoices the heart' (Proverbs 15:30), 'The Lord gives light to the eyes' (Proverbs 29:13). In Tobit 10:5 we read: 'my child, that I let you go, you who are the light of my eyes'. Though these expressions could be interpreted metaphorically, the point of reference relies on common knowledge of the functioning of the eye. In eight places we read that eyes became darkened (Genesis 27:1; 48:10; Deuteronomy 34:7; 1 Samuel 3:2; Job 17:7; Psalm 69:23; Lamentations 5:17; Zechariah 11:17). The most natural explanation for this metaphor is to recognise the correlation between the eye and the sun. As the heavenly source of light darkens, so too can the bodily source of light dim ...
Francois P. Viljoen, “A Contextualised Reading of Matthew 6:22–23: ‘Your Eye Is the Lamp of Your Body’,” HvTSt 65.1 (2009): 3.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 29:13 and Tobit 10:5

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