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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 29

1 The one who stiffens his neck after numerous rebukes will suddenly be destroyed without remedy. 2 When the righteous become numerous, the people rejoice; when the wicked rule, the people groan. 3 The man who loves wisdom brings joy to his father, but whoever associates with prostitutes wastes his wealth.⁠ 4 A king brings stability to a land by justice, but one who exacts tribute tears it down. 5 The one who flatters his neighborspreads a net for his steps. 6 In the transgression of an evil person there is a snare, but a righteous person can sing and rejoice. 7 The righteous person cares for the legal rights of the poor; the wicked person does not understand such knowledge. 8 Scornful people inflame a city, but those who are wise turn away wrath. 9 When a wise person goes to court with a foolish person, there is no peace whether he is angry or laughs. 10 Bloodthirsty people hate someone with integrity; as for the upright, they seek his life. 11 A fool lets fly with all his temper, but a wise person keeps it back. 12 If a ruler listens to lies, all his ministers will be wicked. 13 The poor person and the oppressor have this in common: The Lord gives light to the eyes of them both.⁠ 14 If a king judges the poor in truth, his throne will be established forever. 15 A rod and reproof impart wisdom, but a child who is unrestrained brings shame to his mother. 16 When the wicked increase, transgression increases, but the righteous will see their downfall. 17 Discipline your child, and he will give you rest; he will bring you happiness. 18 When there is no prophetic vision the people cast off restraint, but the one who keeps the law, blessed is he! 19 A servant cannot be corrected by words, for although he understands, there is no answer. 20 You have seen someone who is hasty in his words— there is more hope for a fool than for him. 21 If someone pampers his servant from youth, he will be a weakling in the end. 22 An angry person stirs up dissension, and a wrathful person is abounding in transgression. 23 A person’s pride will bring him low, but one who has a lowly spirit will gain honor.⁠ 24 Whoever shares with a thief is his own enemy; he hears the oath to testify, but does not talk. 25 The fear of people becomes a snare, but whoever trusts in the Lord will be set on high. 26 Many people seek the face of a ruler, but it is from the Lord that one receives justice. 27 An unjust person is an abomination to the righteous, and the one who lives an upright life is an abomination to the wicked.

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 29:13 and Plato, Timaeus 45b

Hebrew Bible · Classical

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Summary

Proverbs 29:13 says God gives light to the eyes, a reference that resembles Plato’s description of light inside a person that flows out through the eyes. Each reflects the ancient idea that the eye shines outward to see rather than taking light in.

Passages

Proverbs 29:13

Hebrew Bible
11 A fool lets fly with all his temper, but a wise person keeps it back. 12 If a ruler listens to lies, all his ministers will be wicked. 13 The poor person and the oppressor have this in common: The Lord gives light to the eyes of them both. 14 If a king judges the poor in truth, his throne will be established forever. 15 A rod and reproof impart wisdom, but a child who is unrestrained brings shame to his mother.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Plato, Timaeus 45b

Classical
Thus it was necessary that man should have the forepart of his body distinct and dissimilar. Wherefore, dealing first with the vessel of the head, they set the face in the front thereof and bound within it organs for all the forethought of the Soul; and they ordained that this, which is the natural front, should be the leading part. And of the organs they constructed first light-bearing eyes, and these they fixed in the face for the reason following. They contrived that all such fire as had the property not of burning but of giving a mild light should form a body akin to the light of every day. For they caused the pure fire within us, which is akin to that of day, to flow through the eyes in a smooth and dense stream; and they compressed the whole substance, and especially the center, of the eyes, so that they occluded all other fire that was coarser and allowed only this pure kind of fire to filter through. So whenever the stream of vision is surrounded by midday light, it flows out like unto like, and coalescing therewith it forms one kindred substance along the path of the eyes’ vision, wheresoever the fire which streams from within collides with an obstructing object without.
360 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Plato, Timaeus

References

... According to the anonymous Pythagoreans, Pythagoras called the eyes 'gates of the sun' (Diels & Kranz 1972, 58B 1a). This reminds of the myth that the sun and the moon are considered to be the eyes of a cosmic deity (Betz 1979:46). The dominant theory among the Greeks was that the eye was like a lamp or even the sun, emitting rays or beams to the object seen and having an effect upon that object (Betz 1995:442; Elliott 1994:66; Van Bruggen 1990:114). In discussing the creation of the human body, Plato describes the human eye as a source of fire ...
Francois P. Viljoen, “A Contextualised Reading of Matthew 6:22–23: ‘Your Eye Is the Lamp of Your Body’,” HvTSt 65.1 (2009): 3.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 29:13 and Plato, Timaeus 45b

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