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Proverbs

About this book
Chapter 27

1 Do not boast about tomorrow; for you do not know what a day may bring forth.⁠ 2 Let another praise you, and not your own mouth; someone else, and not your own lips.⁠ 3 A stone is heavy and sand is weighty, but vexation by a fool is more burdensome than the two of them. 4 Wrath is cruel and anger is overwhelming, but who can stand before jealousy? 5 Better is open rebuke than hidden love. 6 Faithful are the wounds of a friend, but the kisses of an enemy are excessive. 7 The one whose appetite is satisfied loathes honey, but to the hungry mouth every bitter thing is sweet. 8 Like a bird that wanders from its nest, so is a person who wanders from his home.⁠ 9 Ointment and incense make the heart rejoice, likewise the sweetness of one’s friend from sincere counsel. 10 Do not forsake your friend and your father’s friend, and do not enter your brother’s house in the day of your disaster; a neighbor nearby is better than a brother far away. 11 Be wise, my son, and make my heart glad, so that I may answer anyone who taunts me. 12 A shrewd person saw danger—he hid himself; the naive passed right on by— they had to pay for it. 13 Take a man’s garment when he has given security for a stranger, and hold him in pledge on behalf of a stranger. 14 If someone blesses his neighbor with a loud voice early in the morning, it will be counted as a curse to him. 15 A continual dripping on a rainy day—a contentious wife makes herself like that. 16 Whoever contains her has contained the wind or can grasp oil with his right hand. 17 As iron sharpens iron, so a person sharpens his friend. 18 The one who tends a fig tree will eat its fruit, and whoever takes care of his master will be honored. 19 As in water the face is reflected as a face, so a person’s heart reflects the person. 20 As Death and Destruction are never satisfied, so the eyes of a person are never satisfied.⁠ 21 As the crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold, so a person must put his praise to the test. 22 If you should pound the fool in the mortar among the grain with the pestle, his foolishness would not depart from him. 23 Pay careful attention to the condition of your flocks, set your mind on your herds, 24 for riches do not last forever, nor does a crown last from generation to generation. 25 When the hay is removed and new grass appears, and the grass from the hills is gathered in, 26 the lambs will be for your clothing, and the goats will be for the price of a field. 27 And there will be enough goat’s milk for your food, for the food of your household, and for the sustenance of your servant girls.

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.5 II:4 and Proverbs 27:20

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Proverbs 27 uses the endless appetite of Death known from the Baal Cycle as a measure of human desire, warning that wanting more has no natural stopping point.

Passages

KTU 1.5 II:4

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
[…] He extends a lip to the earth, a lip to the heavens, he extends a tongue to the stars. Baal must enter his belly, down into hs mouth he must go, since he scorched the olive, the produce of the earth, and the fruit of the trees. Valiant Baal was afraid of him; Valiant Warrior was in dread of him. Depart, say to divine Mot, declare to the Beloved of El, the hero: Message of Valiant Baal, word of Valiant Warrior: Greetings, O divine Mot, your servant am I, and forever. The gods departed and did not stay. Then they set their faces towards divine Mot (death), towards his city Muddy, a pit the seat of his enthronement, a crevice the land of his inheritance. They lifted lip their voices and cried: Message of Valiant Baal, word of Valiant Warrior: Greetings, O divine Mot, your servant am I, and forever so.
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Proverbs 27:20

Hebrew Bible
17 As iron sharpens iron, so a person sharpens his friend. 18 The one who tends a fig tree will eat its fruit, and whoever takes care of his master will be honored. 19 As in water the face is reflected as a face, so a person’s heart reflects the person. 20 As Death and Destruction are never satisfied, so the eyes of a person are never satisfied. 21 As the crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold, so a person must put his praise to the test. 22 If you should pound the fool in the mortar among the grain with the pestle, his foolishness would not depart from him. 23 Pay careful attention to the condition of your flocks, set your mind on your herds, 24 for riches do not last forever, nor does a crown last from generation to generation.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

References

“... Th ere is some mythology of Death in the Psalms ( DDD 598–603), but unlike the Baal-Mot confl ict in the Baal Cycle, it is not represented as a matter of confl ict between Yahweh and Death personifi ed. Still some imagery for Death in the Psalms (141:7; cf. Isa. 5:14; Hab. 2:5; Prov. 1:12; 27:20; 30:15–16) echoes the traditional language found in the Baal Cycle: “One lip to the earth, one lip to the heavens; . . . his tongue to the stars. Baal must enter inside him; he must go down into his mouth” (KTU 1.5 II 2–5, SAC 141; cf. KTU 1.23.61–63, SAC 165). Th is mythic image of the cosmic enemy’s ravenous mouth is transferred to descriptions of human enemies (Ps. 73:9; cf. Isa 9:19). Another image of Death represents him as a shepherd leading people to the underworld (Ps. 49:15[14]); this metaphor has been read in light of the warning not to get too close to Death so that he not take “like a lamb in his mouth” (KTU 1.4 VIII 14–20, SAC 138). ...”
Mark S. Smith, “Canaanite Backgrounds to the Psalms,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Psalms, ed. William P. Brown (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 52.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.5 II:4 and Proverbs 27:20

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